多功能复式作业机的设计与应用

针对我国北方农村的气候和农艺特点，设计制造出一种多功能复式作业机。详细说明该机的总体结构设计。分析该机作业技术特点，介绍整机主要技术参数和各部装结构形式。并通过进行机组耕整作业试验来验证该复式作业机的作业效果，结果证实该机具设计科学合理，技术性能良好，结构简单，操作方便，性价比合理。     

某宾馆利用太阳能集中热水供应系统设计

随着人们生活水平的提高,对生活热水需求的激增促进了太阳能热水器的迅速发展。目前太阳能热水器的应用,主要还是以分户独立系统为主,未来太阳能热水系统的发展趋势是以集中式为主。针对该宾馆热水供应的要求和特点,为宾馆设计了利用太阳能提供热水的集中系统,进行了太阳能集热系统规划、设计计算和设备选型,为将来集中式太阳能热水系统的应用和发展提供参考。     

磁化水在农作物上应用的研究进展

针对磁化水对农业生产的影响,简述了国内外关于磁化水应用的研究动态和发展趋势,介绍了磁化水在促进作物种子萌发、增强抗逆性以及提高产量和改善品质方面的研究进展。     

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。     

高职类都市园艺专业市场调研与课程体系构建分析

以安庆职业技术学院为例,通过对苏州、合肥等地的兄弟院校、企事业单位进行走访,就都市园艺专业发展前景、人才培养的定位、实施意见与专业建设进行了交流.通过完善人才培养体系,提升学生专业技能,带动地方产业发展.     

On-farm evaluation of an active optical sensor performance for variable nitrogen application in winter wheat

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents almost 50% of total cereal production in the European Union, accounting for approximately 25% of total mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to all crops. Currently, several active optical sensor (AOS) based systems for optimizing variable N fertilization are commercially available for a variety of crops, including wheat. To ensure successful adoption of these systems, definitive measurable benefits must be demonstrated. Nitrogen management strategies developed based on small-scale plot research are not always meaningful for large-scale farm conditions. In 2010–2012 (5 site-years) on-farm study was implemented in northern Poland utilizing a strip-trial design. The objective was to evaluate the performance of AOS in combination with a built-in algorithm for variable N rate fertilization. In this study, the reference uniform N rates (farmer’s practice) were comparable to optimum variable N rate recommendations. Side-by-side comparisons of uniform and variable N application revealed inconsistent benefits in terms of grain yield, grain protein content (GPC), N use and N use efficiency (NUE). Anticipated yield increases and/or reduced N rates are typical drivers for AOS adoption. Significant yield increases are not easily attained on farms with winter wheat yields already close to maximum yield potential. Thus, sensor-based variable N rate recommendations for fields previously fertilized with relatively low uniform N rates would often entail more appropriate allocation (redistribution) of the same amount of total N. This would minimize N surplus in areas of lower productivity and to improve the sustainability of N management overall.     

油雾润滑技术在流程企业的应用

油雾润滑作为一种新型的机泵润滑方式，具有改善润滑效果、降低轴承故障率、减少润滑油消耗量和降低运行成本等优点，且已在国内外石油化工行业得到广泛应用。本文对油雾润滑系统的工作原理、油雾润滑与传统润滑的性能比较、油雾润滑系统的配置及油雾润滑技术的发展应用情况进行详细综述，并指出油雾润滑技术对装置规模大、集中程度高、人员配置少的生产装置具有很好的应用价值。     

施钾量对超高产早稻品种产量和稻米品质的影响

以超高产水稻品种陆两优996和淦鑫203为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同施钾量对其产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,施钾显著提高双季早稻有效穗数、每穗粒数和产量,增加生物产量、促进茎鞘物质运转,提高抽穗期剑叶的气-叶温差和颖花伤流量,降低抽穗后的根系活力衰退值。施钾量与倒1节间大维管束数、茎秆抗折力和稻米蛋白质含量显著正相关。施钾提高了陆两优996的垩白粒率和垩白度,但降低了淦鑫203的垩白粒率和垩白度。在本试验条件下,最适施钾量为180 kg/hm2。     

新型编烟机的推广与应用研究初报

从编烟机的编烟效率、用工量、成本和经济效益等方面研究了其最佳的编烟方式,结果表明:最佳的编烟方式为6人合作使用1台编烟机,在编360杆烟时可较对照节省用工4.1个,节约用工成本164元,而且纯收益最高,为9704.36元。并针对编烟机在实际生产中存在的问题,提出了一些改进的意见。     

Fertilizer value of nitrogen in hen and broiler manure after application to spring barley using different application timing

The nitrogen (N) fertilizer effect of layer hen and broiler manure applied at different times on spring barley yield was studied in seven Swedish field experiments during 2005–2008. Two experiments had parallel field incubations to study N release after fertilizer application. The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, except in a dry year, when the effect was very low. Although the relative proportions of ammonium N, uric acid N and other N differed between the hen and broiler manure, the effect of total N was similar for both. In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure, because of net immobilization and release, respectively. The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement value, corresponding to only 30–40% of total N, could be as a result of ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrow. Net N release from broiler manure lasted for 6–8 weeks after application, after which it generally ceased. In some cases, manure application in early spring gave better yield effects than application at sowing, probably because of better synchronization of the N release with crop N requirements. The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%.