脱落酸浸种提高萌发期水稻种子对涝渍胁迫的抗性研究

[目的]探究脱落酸(ABA)浸种对涝渍胁迫条件下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为农业生产提供借鉴。[方法]分别用蒸馏水和0.1μmol/LABA溶液浸种24 h,正常催芽萌发至胚根长2～5 mm,涝渍处理72 h,测定水稻种子的出苗率及各项形态指标。[结果]与涝渍对照相比,ABA浸种处理的出苗率、根长、株高、干重、相对活力指数分别增加了38.7%、23.6%、13.3%、37.8%和34.8%。[结论]ABA处理可显著提高涝渍条件下水稻种子的出苗率、秧苗素质及种子相对活力指数。     

临河区食用向日葵施肥指标体系的建立

[目的]为了掌握各个施肥单元对食用向日葵的优化施肥数量以及基肥、追肥分配比例。[方法]2006～2009年临河区在食用向日葵上安排“3414”肥料效应试验,研究植物的营养过程,阐明各种肥料的效应、肥料之间的配合以及“土壤－肥料－作物”之间的相互作用。[结果]通过“3414”田间试验以及土壤测试,分析不同土壤肥力基础下土壤有效养分含量与食用向日葵相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分等级和最佳施肥量。[结论]该研究确定了一个合适的施肥养分配比,给广大农民开出优化、合理的配方。     

The effect of micro-heterogeneity and capillary number on capillary pressure and relative permeability curves of soils

The determination of the two-phase flow coefficients (such as the capillary pressure, P_c, and relative permeabilities, k_rw, k_ro) is of a key importance to model the two-phase flow processes taking place during contaminant transport in subsurface. In the present work, transient immiscible displacement experiments are performed at various flow rates on long disturbed soil columns. The capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability relationships of soils characterized by narrow and broad grain size distributions are estimated with inverse modeling from rate-controlled displacement experiments and are correlated with the grain size variability and ratio of viscous to capillary forces (capillary number). A soil core holder assembled with electrodes is constructed to monitor the axial distribution of water saturation. A new technique is developed to determine the water saturation averaged over successive segments of the soil column by measuring the transient responses of the electrical resistance between vertical ring electrodes. The transient responses of the average oil (water) saturation in five segments along with the total pressure drop across the soil column are introduced into an inverse modeling numerical solver of the macroscopic two-phase flow equations to estimate simultaneously the capillary pressure and relative permeability curves under dynamic conditions. The water and oil relative permeabilities increase drastically with the capillary number, while the capillary pressure curve of soils with broad grain (pore) size distribution is wider than that of soils with narrow grain (pore) size distribution. For soils with high variability of grain sizes, the irreducible wetting phase saturation is higher, the relative permeability curves are sharper and the end oil relative permeability is higher compared to soils with low variability of grain sizes.     

Relative abundance and damage of some insect pests of wheat under different tillage practices in rice–wheat cropping in India

Tillage changes the physical and chemical properties of soil and can also inhibit or enhance useful and harmful fauna. In agriculture, different tillage technologies are being tried to enhance crop productivity, but little concrete information seems to exist on their effects on pest abundance and damage. To address this lack of information, sowing of wheat was investigated under different tillage systems. In order to monitor pest abundance and damage in altered tillage systems, the present studies on the relative abundance and damage due to insect pests viz. pink stem borer (PSB, Sesamia inferens Walker), termites (Microtermes obesi Holmgren and Odontotermes obesus Rambur) and root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis Sasaki) were undertaken in a rice–wheat cropping system during 2010–11 and 2011–12. Pest abundance and damage was monitored in four tillage systems i.e. conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), ZT + mulch and rotary tillage (RT) under insecticide protected and unprotected conditions. The application of insecticide did not affect root aphid incidence or termite damage. However, significant differences in PSB damage in insecticide protected (0.9%) and unprotected (1.2%) conditions were observed. The investigations demonstrated that in CT, damage by PSB (0.6%) was minimum; however termite damage (2.2%) was maximum as compared to all other tillage conditions. In ZT, PSB damage (1.4%) was maximum and root aphid incidence (3.1 aphids/tiller) was minimum in comparison to other tillage conditions. ZT + mulch resulted in inter-mediate insect pest incidence/damage; however, RT was the least effective practice which showed relatively high incidence/damage of these three insects (1.2% PSB damage, 1.9% termite damage and 5.1 aphids/tiller). The insecticide × tillage interaction indicated that insecticide application is needed only in ZT and RT for PSB management.     

Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs. ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’

High temperatures are known to reduce fruit size and fruit weight in strawberry, but cultivar differences in the response to high temperature stress during the reproductive stage up to the second inflorescence have not been sufficiently reported. We examined the effect of two day/night temperature regimes on fruit set and fruit growth in two cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’. A high day/night temperature of 30/25 °C reduced the number of inflorescences, flowers, and fruits in both cultivars compared with plants grown at 23/18 °C. The percentage of fruit set in ‘Nyoho’ was not significantly different between the two temperature treatments, while that in ‘Toyonoka’ was much lower at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Days to ripening was shorter at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C, and no cultivar differences were observed. Fresh weight of primary, secondary, and tertiary fruits was greater at 23/18 °C than at 30/25 °C in both cultivars, and no cultivar differences were observed, except in tertiary fruits. The diameter of fruits from all positions was also reduced at 30/25 °C in both cultivars. Relative growth rates of fruits showed two peaks in both cultivars and in both temperature treatments. Both peaks appeared earlier at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Percentage of fruit set at 30/25 °C in the second inflorescence was also significantly lower in ‘Toyonoka’ than in ‘Nyoho’. These results indicate that high temperature stress negatively affects the reproductive process in strawberry and that plant response to high temperature stress is cultivar-related in such responses.     

一种无土栽培新装置根区温湿度及对番茄根系生长的影响

以桶式Ⅱ型无土栽培装置为对照,式无土栽培新装置为处理.研究了新装置根区温湿度的变化以及根系生长状况。结果表明,在苗期和果实成熟期,两栽培装置中基质和气室温度的日变化随着温室气温的变化而变化,变化趋势总体上基本一致,新装置中基质和室的温度变化的幅度均低于对照。湿度的日变化趋势正好与温度的日变化趋势相反,先是缓慢下降而后又逐渐上升,变化的幅度整体上新装置低于对照。说明在新装置栽培下,基质和气室温湿度受外界光照剧烈变化影响的幅度小于对照,能够更好避免由于高温高湿造成的根系枯死。两种栽培装置的根系生长在苗期没有明显的差异,在果实成熟期差异显著,新装置高于对照。     

Influence of Bcl-2 inhibitor on Astragalus injection-reduced expression of caspase-3 in rat hippocampal neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation

AIM: To observe the influence of Bcl-2 inhibitor on the expression of caspase-3 reduced by Astra-galus injection in rat hippocampal neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). METHODS: The primary rat hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro for 8 d were chosen and randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model group (OGD/R group), Astragalus injection group, Astragalus injection solvent (sterile deionized water)group, Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group. The cells in all groups were tested 24 h after they were treated with reoxygenation after deprived of oxygen and glucose for 30 min except normal control group. The cell type and rate of positive cells were observed by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal neurons were measured by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of caspase-3 was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the caspase-3 positive rate of the cells, the protein levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, and the mRNA expression of caspase-3 in model group enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of Bcl-2 in Astragalus injection group obviously enhanced, while the caspase-3 positive rate of the cells, the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 and the mRNA expression of caspase-3 in the Astragalus injection group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). No significant difference in injection solvent group, Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group was observed (P > 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased sharply in Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group. CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 inhibitor antagonizes the inhibitory effect of Astragalus injection on caspase-3 expression in rat hippocamal neurons with OGD/R, which may be one of the possible target for the inhibitory action of Astragalus injection on the apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons induced by OGD/R.     

Effect of post treatment temperature and humidity conditions on fixation performance of CCA-C treated red pine and southern pine

introductionWaterbornepreservativesareamajorcomponentofthewood-treatingindustrybecauseoftheireaseofapplication,lowcost,andthecleanappearanceofthewoodattertreatment.Theuseofchromatedcopperarsenate(CCA)preservativesintheUSAhasgrownfroma14%shareofthewoodpreservativesmarketin1977to73%in1987(Micklewright1993).ThisismainlyduetotheincreasinguseofCCAtreatedwoodasdecksandoutdoorstructures.ThewaterbornepreservativeCCAhasbecomeoneofthemosteffectivetreatmentsforNorthAmericanwoodproduCts,usedinapplic…     

油松针叶萜烯组分相对含量同 环 境 和 生 长 因 子 的 关 系

在山西、河北、陕西和甘肃4省,选择油松12个种源的36个林分、288株成年油松样木。利用GC及GC/MS分析技术和相关、回归等方法,测定分析了油松针叶萜烯化合物相对含量以及化合物总数同环境因子和生长因子之间的关系。结果表明,化合物总数随海拔高度的升高而减少;部分化合物相对含量同环境因子存在相关关系;各化合物相对含量同油松高生长的单相关作用很小而存在复相关作用。     

黄淮海麦区部分小麦品种的抗旱性评价及相关分子标记的有效性验证

为研究黄淮海麦区小麦品种的抗旱性,对黄淮海麦区46个小麦品种萌发期的抗旱性进行鉴定,验证3个抗旱性相关分子标记的有效性,并利用分子标记检测抗旱性相关基因 1-feh-w3、 TaDreb-B1、 TaNRX-B1的单倍型分布。结果显示,供试材料的平均相对发芽率为64.8%,变化范围为30.7%~95.4%,中等及以上抗旱性等级小麦品种占比84.8%。 1-feh-w3基因的Westonia type单倍型平均相对发芽率显著高于Kauz type单倍型,但与相对发芽率相关性并不显著。 TaNRX-B1基因的 TaNRX-B1a单倍型平均相对发芽率显著高于 TaNRX-B1b单倍型,且与相对发芽率显著相关。 TaDreb-B1基因的 TaDreb-B1a单倍型平均相对发芽率显著高于 TaDreb-B1b单倍型,品种占比达到95.7%,在小麦抗旱性中起重要作用,与相对发芽率相关性也不显著。单倍型组合Westonia type/TaDreb-B1a/TaNRX-B1a的平均相对发芽率最高,为76.79%。筛选出抗旱性较好的小麦品种14个,分别为徐麦36、中植0914、囤麦127、洛麦26、百农418、齐民7号、丰德存麦20、丰德存麦12、丰德存麦1号、赛德麦7号、驻麦328、周麦32、国红3号和迁麦088,可以在小麦育种中作为抗旱种质加以利用。