中国荷斯坦牛乳蛋白分子遗传多态性和产奶性状相关性的研究

从北京两个主要牛场共采得１８７头中国荷斯坦奶牛的血样,提取基因组ＤＮＡ,通过ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法对Ｋａｐｐａ酪蛋白、Ｂｅｔａ乳球蛋白（βｌｇ）和Ａｌｐｈａ乳白蛋白（α－ｌａ）进行了基因型的鉴定,并结合产奶性状进行统计分析,结果表明,牛群中上述３种乳蛋白基因的基因频率分别为Ｋ－ｃｎＡ７９％,Ｋ－ｃａＢ２１％,β－ｌｇＡ４３％,β－ｌｇＢ５７％,α－ｌｇＢ１００％,Ｋ－ＣＮ和β－ｌｇ基因位眯对产奶量没     

朝鲜鹌鹑屠宰性能及其与体重的相关性分析

选择7日龄的朝鲜鹌鹑300只(公、母各半),在相同管理条件下饲养至38日龄,每周定期称重,并在38日龄时随机抽取150只(公、母各半)进行屠宰,系统分析公、母鹑的体重及主要屠宰性能指标。结果表明,除10日龄体重外,朝鲜母鹌鹑的体重均极显著地高于公鹌鹑(P<0.01);母鹑的宰前重、放血重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌重和胸肌重显著高于公鹑(P<0.05或P<0.01);相关分析显示,公、母鹑不同日龄体重间均呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01);除母鹑的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌重、腿肌重及公鹑的屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌重、腿肌重外,不同日龄体重与其他屠宰性状间多呈显著的正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。     

Comparison of the Value of Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis for Subtyping Taylorella equigenitalis

Eight strains of Taylorella equigenitalis were identified by a polymerase chain reaction using a primer pair specific to the 16S rDNA of T equigenitalis. These eight strains were chosen because they had previously been shown to represent eight distinct genotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI or NotI. The eight strains could be classified into six or seven types by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using different kinds of primers. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis after separate digestion with five restriction enzymes, including AluI and MboI, of the 1,500 bp fragments of rDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction did not discriminate the genomic variations among the eight strains of T equigenitalis. Thus, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was shown to discriminate these eight organisms better than random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, while amplified rDNA restriction analysis was found to be unsuitable for subtyping T equigenitalis.     

苗期紫花苜蓿品种抗旱性初步研究

运用多元统计分析方法,以来自、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大及中国的22个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种（种群）为试验材料,对紫花苜蓿在苗期进行短期干旱胁迫,依据试验测定的15个形态指标和生理指标,应用主成分分析、聚类分析法,对22个紫花苜蓿品种试验材料的抗旱能力进行综合评价。通过运用主成分分析法将15项相关的抗旱性指标简化为5个独立且功能明确的主成分,并以5个主成分的得分系数运用聚类分析法把22份材料聚为三大类,从而将22份材料分为强抗旱性品种、中抗旱性品种、弱抗旱性品种,为下一步抗旱机制的研究提供参考。     

杜鹃模拟鹰及杜鹃外形多态性的进化(英文)

很早人们就已发现一些寄生性繁殖的杜鹃,其外形与Accipiter属的鹰类非常相似。最近的实验表明,大杜鹃(Cuculus canorus)模拟鹰类有助于其接近宿主大苇莺(Acrocephalus scirpaceus)的巢。不过,大苇莺却能够通过公众信息传递来识别大杜鹃的这一计谋。反过来,这也导致了杜鹃外形多态性的进化,以避免宿主对杜鹃的识别。通过比较研究,我们发现在寄生性的杜鹃中,模拟鹰类外形(如虹膜黄色,胸腹部具斑纹,脚黄)的杜鹃种类具有明显的外形多态性(29%的种类),远高于不模拟鹰类外形的杜鹃(仅8%的种类具有多态性)。系统发生分析进一步证实了模拟鹰类外形与杜鹃多态性进化之间的相关性。我们认为,杜鹃对鹰类的动态模拟很可能促进了杜鹃外形多态性的进化,以避免宿主对杜鹃的识别。     

Genetic parameters for abnormal sucking traits in Austrian Fleckvieh heifers

Cross‐sucking and intersucking are considered abnormal behaviours in cattle and constitute a common problem in dairy farming. Cross‐sucking in calves is defined as sucking any body parts of another calf whereas intersucking in heifers and cows is defined as sucking the udder or udder area. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variability for abnormal sucking behaviour by estimating genetic parameters and examining individual differences between sires with large progeny groups. By means of a questionnaire, cattle breeders in the federal state Lower Austria were requested to identify all currently kept animals which are known of either inter‐ or cross‐sucking (both defined as the same binary trait ‘sucking’ with 0 and 1 referring to the absence and presence of this abnormal behaviour) or allowing sucking (also treated as a binary trait, scored as 1 if an animal was known of allowing herd mates to suck and 0 otherwise). Records of 1222 farms and 13 332 dual purpose Simmental females aged between 21 and 700 days were investigated applying a linear animal model with fixed herd × year × season and random genetic animal effect and a threshold sire model with the herd × year × season effect being treated as random. In total, 8.6% and 4.1% of all calves/heifers were observed sucking and allowing sucking, respectively. Heritabilities of 0.040 ± 0.014 and 0.007 ± 0.006 (linear animal model) and 0.116 ± 0.041 and 0.026 ± 0.024 (threshold model) were found for the traits sucking and allowing sucking, respectively. Breeding values were estimated applying the same models for the trait sucking. Taking all 254 sires into account, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients between breeding values estimated by linear animal and sire threshold model were 0.86 and 0.80. Thus, little difference was observed between the two methods.     

牧草-鹅-鲜食葡萄循环生态种养模式的构建与实践

为了提高葡萄园资源利用率和综合效益,构建了牧草-鹅-鲜食葡萄循环生态种养体系。实践表明,在设施葡萄园推广套种牧草养鹅、鹅粪生产有机肥料、有机肥料种植葡萄和牧草等高效配套技术,取得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。实施牧草-鹅-鲜食葡萄循环生态种养是江苏沿海地区发展现代农业的一种有效生产模式。     

12份苜蓿种质材料的氨基酸分析

以新疆大叶苜蓿品种为对照,对通过田间综合农艺特性评价筛选出的12份优良苜蓿种质材料分别进行了其盛花期第一茬草和再生草茎、叶及植株(全株)的氨基酸分析.结果表明盛花期刈割供试种质材料(包括对照)植株总氨基酸平均含量为11.83%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为17.99%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为6.10%;再生草植株总氨基酸平均含量为13.78%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为20.17%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为7.19%;供试的12号、9号、3号、5号、2号和8号种质材料含有相对于新疆大叶苜蓿品种较高的总氨基酸, 来自前苏联的12号种质材料还含有较高的必需氨基酸.     

临界氮浓度稀释模型在牧草种子生产中的应用前景

氮素是影响牧草种子产量的关键因素,氮素对于植株分蘖、干物质生产、花序形成、产量组分动态变化等均具有影响.文章主要从临界氮浓度稀释模型的概念、构建方法、研究现状、应用等方面进行了综述,提出临界氮浓度稀释模型在实际生产中应用时存在的问题,并对其在牧草种子生产中的应用前景进行了展望.     

《家禽生产学》培养学生实践能力教学模式的建立

从大学教育中注重学生实践能力培养的重要性入手,对作者在《家禽生产学》专业教学中总结出的专业课《家禽生产学》的教学模式进行探讨,旨在提出一种新的思路——如何在专业课教学中培养学生的实践操作能力,以切实提高课程的教学效果,使学生在毕业后走向工作岗位时,既具有扎实的理论知识,又具有和娴熟的实践技能。