Rapid Screening for Aluminum Tolerance in Cereals by Use of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test

The effects of aluminum on the photosynthetic apparatus were examined in cereals grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at two Al levels (0 and 148 μM). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics results confirmed that the soft wheat ‘BHG’ cultivar has the potential for growth on acid soils while triticale cultivars ‘Niovi’ and ‘Dada’ appeared to be relatively tolerant. The percentage decrease in F_v/F_m of the less tolerant cultivars after Al-treatment indicated a decrease in the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of PS II, while the decrease in the ratio F_V/F_osuggested that exposure of the cultivars ‘Dio’ and ‘Appulo E’ to aluminum caused injury to the thylakoid structure. The percentage fluctuations of the ratio F_v/F_mwere shown to correlate very closely with the assessment of injury as evaluated by the relative top fresh weight. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo could be used to monitor injury caused by “Al-stress”, and thus they may serve as a rapid screening test for Al tolerance.     

The Inheritance of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica napus

The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H₃CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed.     

动物病毒性传染病的基本特征

动物病毒病几乎占传染病中的80％，经长期研究和查阅大量文献资料后，发现病毒性传染病具有许多独特的特征，了解掌握这些特征对病毒病的诊断，预防，治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

桉苗灰霉病初步研究

按苗灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.)是近年在云南省新发现的病害,过去未曾报道。该病多发生在按苗幼嫩的茎上部和叶片上,可造成按苗迅速死亡。早春连绵阴雨,气温较低,致使该病易造成流行,该病的流行也与管理措施密切相关。采取平衡施肥,加强苗期管理是最有效的预防措施。发病期可施用75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1:500倍;或70％敌克松可湿性粉剂与等量的50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂混用,稀释1000倍常量喷雾,每7～10天一次,连续喷2～3次,可有效地控制按苗灰霉病蔓延流行。     

梨菇的化学成分分析

对江西赣南北部林区的野生裂菇进行了化学成分分析，结果表明，它含金属元素15种、粗蛋白含量达27．52％、氨基酸含量达23．98％，是一种很优秀的野生食用菌。     

白跗平腹小蜂对主要森林害虫抑制力研究

１９８７～１９９２年连续６年研究结果表明，白跗平腹小蜂Ａｎａｓｔａｔｕｓａｌｂｉｔａｒｓｉｓ对马尾松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓ、柳杉毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｌａｔｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ、水青蛾Ａｃｔｉａｓｓｅｔｅｎｅｎｉｎｇｐｏａｎａ等１３种主要森林害虫卵有较明显的抑制作用。在林间，该蜂对马尾松毛虫第１、２代卵的自然抑制力分别力１６．５５％和２２．２９％，对柳杉毛虫越冬代卵的自然抑制力为２３．４５％；对水青蛾第１、２代卵的抑制力分别力５．４９％和２．６３％；在林间，人为释放白跗平腹小蜂对第１代马尾松毛虫卵的校正抑制力为３３．５％，在室内１２．３～２８℃范围内，每头雌峰对马尾松毛虫、水青蛾和柞蚕剖腹卵的日破坏数（寄生数）分别力１５、１８和２６粒，一生破坏数分别为５６、９１和２０８粒。即使虫卵即将孵化，该峰同样亦能寄生，并羽化出正常的子代白跗平腹小蜂。     

叶面喷施丰产素在黄瓜上的应用效果

本试验在黄瓜上叶面喷施丰州牌丰产素，其浓度分别为２０００倍、４０００倍和６０００倍。试验结果表明，３种浓度对黄瓜的生长势都有增强的作用，并对早期产量有较大的提高。其中２０００倍液对早期产量的增产幅度最大，比对照提高４２．８１％。并且对黄瓜的营养成份有不同程度的影响，其中６０００倍液对维生素ｃ和含糖量都有较大的提高，因此，对黄瓜品质的改进有较好的效果。     

Vererbung des β-Glucangehaltes der Haferkaryopse

Inheritance process for β-glucan content in oat caryopsis
Due to the fact that there are only few studies concerning β-glucans in oat caryopsis with regard to plant-breeding aspects, three oat crosses were performed (cross 19 = low × high, cross 86 = low × low, cross 98 = high × high). In all of the three oat crosses, lower β-glucan content (% DM) was recorded in F, than in F, indicating that the β-glucan content (% DM) at a higher heterozygoty grade is lower than at a reduced heterozygoty grade. This points to a dominant inheritance of lower β-glucan content (% DM). A tendency towards the female β-glucan content (% DM) could not be proven. Thus, it can be started from a nuclear genetic inheritance of the β-glucan content (% DM). In most cases, the experiments showed a normal distribution of β-glucan content (% DM), indicating for several genes a quantitative inheritance of β-glucan content (% DM). By means of the regression of the F₃-lines to the F₂-plants, the narrow-sense heritability could be calculated for the cross 86 (h²= 0.51***) and the cross 98 (h²= 0.48***). The heritability for the cross 19 was not significant.     

J172等5个柳树良种育苗试验

通过对5个柳树良种在不同类型区的扦插育苗试验,分析苗木生长量、生长季土壤含水量、土壤温度,结果表明:①各参试因素对生长量影响的程度依次为品种(系)>类型区>覆膜>扦插方法,因此在柳树壮苗培育中,应首先考虑优良品种的选择。②在不同类型区内,影响树木生长的主导生态因子亦不同。在高寒湿润区,热量是影响生长量的主导生态因子,故其覆用地膜的效果十分显著,其生长量较对照提高28.6%;在川塬区,土壤水肥是影响生长量的主导生态因子,故其覆用地膜的效果不太显著,应着重加强土壤水肥管理。