Effects of silane coupling agent level and extraction treatment on the properties of UF-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards

Urea formaldehyde resin bonded reed and wheat particleboards with a density of 0.7g/cm³ were manufactured from two types of particle: fine and coarse particles. The effects of the silane coupling agent (SCA) level and ethanol-benzene (EB) treatment on the board properties were examined. For SCA, epoxide silane (SiEP) and amino silane (SiNH) were used for reed and wheat particles, respectively. The results are summarized as follows. (1) For both reed and wheat boards, the internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS) were significantly improved at up to 5% SCA content, but the effectiveness of treatment kept constant at above 5%. (2) The level of SCA had little effect on the bending strength, especially for the boards composed of coarse particles. (3) EB treatment upgraded both the IB and TS of wheat board significantly. (4) SiEP incorporation improved the IB and TS of reed board significantly, whereas EB treatment was more effective for wheat board. (5) The dimensional stability of both reed and wheat boards under varying humidity could be improved by increasing the level of SCA and by EB treatment. EB treatment was more effective than SCA addition.     

三峡库区消落带现状与对策研究

芦苇不但有很高的经济价值,在环境保护方面也具有广阔的应用前景.本文通过分析三峡库区消落带的生态环境问题,预测了芦苇在库区的应用前景,即可防止水土流失、水体富营养化、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染、垃圾渗漏液污染和藻类爆发等问题。同时,合理利用芦苇资源还可增加库区人们的经济收入,加快库区农村的经济建设步伐。     

水稻、大豆与芦苇农田冠层光谱特征研究——以辽河三角洲为例

对辽河三角洲遥感实测的42个水稻、15个芦苇和15个大豆野外冠层光谱数据分析结果表明,平均光谱水稻<芦苇<大豆;一阶微分平均光谱水稻、芦苇和大豆形态相近,528nm处水稻<芦苇<大豆,700~760nm间水稻<芦苇<大豆,水稻存在705nm处波峰、715nm波谷和728nm波峰,而芦苇仅有725nm处波峰,大豆仅有705nm处波峰;二阶微分平均光谱360~963nm间水稻、芦苇和大豆形态相近,且差异主要表现在1086~1150nm处,1086~1113nm间水稻和芦苇为单峰,大豆为双峰,1113~1150nm间水稻、大豆为单峰,芦苇为双峰。并探讨了水稻、芦苇和大豆一阶微分光谱与二阶微分光谱中明显的波峰和波谷对区分三者的实际作用。     

芦苇末栽培杏鲍菇技术研究

[目的]研究利用芦苇末栽培杏鲍菇技术。[方法]利用9种含有芦苇配方的培养料培养杏鲍菇,对杏鲍菇菌丝生长、生物转化率和营养成分等进行研究。[结果]采用芦苇末与棉籽壳进行优化组合,辅以麸皮、玉米粉等配料作为杏鲍菇的培养料,能够满足杏鲍菇菌丝生长和子实体发育的营养需求,且当培养料中芦苇末与棉籽壳之比在2∶1与1∶2之间时,栽培效果比对照组培养料配方的更具优势。[结论]芦苇末可以作为培养料原料用来栽培杏鲍菇。     

施肥和苇田耕翻对芦苇产量的影响

[目的]为黄河三角洲人工高产开发自然芦苇提供依据。[方法]在芦苇进入生长初盛期时分别施75.01、12.51、50.0 kg/hm2的尿素和复合肥,对退化苇田春季耕翻15 cm进行耕翻复壮试验,研究施肥和苇田耕翻对芦苇产量的影响。[结果]单施复合肥的增产效果不及单施尿素显著。尿素用量与芦苇产量呈正比,施尿素150.0 kg/hm2处理的增产幅度达40.9%,但叶绿素和纤维素含量不是最高。综合考虑,施尿素112.5 kg/hm2处理的效益最好。苇田耕翻提高了土壤肥力,减少了杂草,促进了芦苇发育。苇田耕翻3年后,芦苇的每株芽数、根状茎长度、根状茎烘干重比不耕翻苇田分别增加了116.67%1、27.58%和24.81%。[结论]合理施用氮肥和翻耕苇田均可以提高芦苇产量。     

芦苇沼泽湿地开发为稻田前后生态系统 服务价值对比研究——以丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区为例

芦苇沼泽湿地在调节气候、净化污水、促淤防蚀、维持生物多样性等方面有着重要的作用。但一直以来芦苇沼泽湿地被当作开发的对象,通过市场价值法、造林成本法、影子工程法、替代法对丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区的芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值进行了评估,并假设其芦苇沼泽湿地全部开发为稻田,并对其生态系统服务价值进行了评估。结果表明,保护区内芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值为12395.0万元。开发为稻田后生态服务功能价值为8925.4万元,生态系统服务价值减少了28%。芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务功能为8项,主要表现在水分调节功能价值和控制侵蚀、保护土壤价值分别占整个芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务价值的35%和32%,开发为稻田后生态系统服务价值减少为4项,主要表现为物质生产价值,占整个生态系统服务价值的75%。     

赤霉素和硼对造纸原料芦苇纤维品质改良的研究

芦苇是我国的主要造纸原料之一,但其纤维短,长宽比小,品质较次;如何能提高其纤维品质是造纸工业上的一个重要课题.本实验结果初步证明以浓度为10ppm的赤霉酸和12ppm的硼酸混合液喷洒的效果为最佳.经处理的芦苇纤维长度比对照增加51%,宽度增加8%,长宽比增加48%,壁厚增加8%,腔径增加46%.而且经处理的芦苇在形态上比对照也有所改进,株高增加9%,茎杆直径增加23%,茎壁厚度增加33%,鲜重增加15%.因此,认为对辽宁地区的芦苇喷施一定浓度的赤霉酸和硼酸可以收到改良品质的效果.     

异氰酸酯胶芦苇刨花板生产工艺研究

芦苇的ＳｉＯ２含量高，使用脲醛胶（ＵＦ）难以获得良好的胶合结果，本研究采用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）胶粘剂压制芦苇刨花板，试验结果表明，当ＭＤＩ施胶量为４％和５％，刨花板的密度为０．７０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３时，其物理力学性能指标分别达到我国Ａ类刨花板优等品种和二等品的标准要求，如果ＭＤＩ单价由现在２０．００元／ｋｇ下降到１７．３０元／ｋｇ，ＭＤＩ芦苇创花板和ＵＦ芦苇刨花板的生产成本相同。     

Common reed (Phragmites communis) is a natural host of important cereal viruses in the Trakya region of Turkey

Common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), a perennial grass, is a widespread weed in the Trakya region of Turkey. Reed leaf samples were collected in 2004 and 2005, and tested for the presence of theMaize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV),Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV),Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV),Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) andWheat dwarf virus (WDV) by DAS-ELISA, PTA-ELISA and Western blot analysis. MDMV was identified in five out of sixP. communis samples that exhibited characteristic virus-like symptoms in 2004. The remaining sample was co-infected with MDMV and BYDV-PAV. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of flexuous rod-shaped virus particles in four samples that reacted positively for MDMV in ELISA. In 2005, ELISA revealed that nine out of 234 samples that were collected in two different locations were infected with MDMV, nine with SCMV, and three with BYDV-PAV. No sample contained CYDV-RPV, JGMV and WDV. Our results confirm that the common reed is a host of BYDV-PAV and indicate, for the first time, that it is also a natural host of MDMV and SCMV.P. communis most likely acts as a reservoir of these three viruses in the Trakya region in Turkey. http//www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 13, 2006.     

扎龙芦苇沼泽繁殖鸟类群落多样性研究

在扎龙自然保护区林甸保护站周围的芦苇沼泽中选取芦苇沼泽,明水面,自然泡三种小生境。从１９９６年５月１５日７月１５日,对三种小生境内的繁殖鸟类种类数量进行统计。共记录繁殖鸟类３９种。三种小生境中鸟类组成上各自有典型种类相似性系数表明,明水面和自然泡的种类组成相似性最高。