芦苇秸秆稀硫酸水解工艺研究

[目的]研究芦苇秸秆的稀硫酸水解工艺,以期实现乙醇的低成本生产。[方法]将芦苇秸秆切成长2～3 cm的小段,烘干后粉碎,过40目筛,在湿法氧化的基础上,对芦苇进行稀硫酸水解预处理。[结果]芦苇酸解的最佳工艺条件为：原料液浓度为55 g/L,100 ml原料液中加入60 ml浓度1%的稀硫酸,水解温度为125℃,水解时间为120 min,水解液中还原糖含量达到19.48%。[结论]该研究首次为以芦苇作为生物燃料乙醇的生产原料研究提供了依据。     

虉草人工草地的生长动态研究

对虉草人工草地的株高、生长速率、种群密度、种群出生率和地上生物量动态进行了研究,结果表明:虉草种群出生率呈现多峰型周期性变化,整个生长季出现3次峰值,以拔节-抽穗期种群出生率最高(41.77%);株高生长曲线呈单峰型,孕穗-开花期生长速率最大(3.17cm/d),盛花期后生长速率递降;株高与叶片数的季节变化动态均呈"S"型曲线;随草地年龄增加,地上生物量和种群密度呈现逐渐上升的趋势,表明试验期内虉草种群仍处于增长期。     

渗透胁迫下芦苇胚性愈伤组织中脯氨酸含量的变化及外源ABA的影响

研究了PEG－6000胁迫下两种生态型芦苇胚性愈伤组织游离脯氨酸含量的变化及外源ABA对其变化的影响。结果表明：在10％－30％PEG的胁迫下脯氨酸迅速积累，沙生芦苇胚性愈伤组织（SREC）的积累量明显高于水生芦苇胚性愈伤组织（WREC）。施加10μmol/L ABA后WREC的脯氨酸含量大幅度升高，但对SREC的影响较小。     

扎龙自然保护区芦苇沼泽营巢鸟的护巢行为

研究记录了扎龙自然保护区芦苇沼泽２８种常见营巢鸟的护巢行为。单种护巢行为模式有７种：（１）注视;（２）鸣叫;（３）隐蔽;（４）俯冲攻击;（５）盘旋;（６）脚击;（７）拟伤。沼泽营巢鸟的护巢行为表现出明显的种间互助行为,巢的隐蔽性与护巢行为的趋性存在负相关的关系。     

基于双尺度自动机的芦苇形态发生模型研究

构建基于植物生长原理的形态发生模型,是模拟植物生长过程的关键。通过观察芦苇生长过程中发生的形态及生理变化,基于双尺度自动机原理建立芦苇形态发生模型,符合植物周期性生长规律,模型形象直观,结构条理清楚,易于理解和编程实现。     

芦苇沼泽湿地开发为稻田前后生态系统 服务价值对比研究——以丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区为例

芦苇沼泽湿地在调节气候、净化污水、促淤防蚀、维持生物多样性等方面有着重要的作用。但一直以来芦苇沼泽湿地被当作开发的对象，通过市场价值法、造林成本法、影子工程法、替代法对丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区的芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值进行了评估，并假设其芦苇沼泽湿地全部开发为稻田，并对其生态系统服务价值进行了评估。结果表明，保护区内芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值为12395.0万元。开发为稻田后生态服务功能价值为8925.4万元，生态系统服务价值减少了28%。芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务功能为8项，主要表现在水分调节功能价值和控制侵蚀、保护土壤价值分别占整个芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务价值的35%和32%，开发为稻田后生态系统服务价值减少为4项，主要表现为物质生产价值，占整个生态系统服务价值的75%。     

响应面法优化微波提取芦苇叶总黄酮工艺条件的研究

[目的]采用响应面法对微波提取芦苇叶总黄酮的工艺条件进行优化。[方法]在单因素实验的基础上,通过中心复合设计考察微波功率、提取时间、料液比和乙醇浓度对总黄酮产率的影响。[结果]最佳工艺条件为微波功率429.6W,提取时间29.1s,料液比1∶33.9和乙醇浓度73.6%,在最佳条件下总黄酮产率为1.54mg/g。[结论]该结果对于芦苇的进一步开发应用具有重要的指导意义。     

人工杨树林对长江中游芦苇滩地土壤细菌多样性影响的研究

以长江中游芦苇滩地为研究对象,利用微生物分离培养计数方法和PCR-DGGE技术重点研究了人工杨树林对芦苇滩地土壤细菌种群的影响。结果表明：与芦苇地相比,人工杨树林根际土、根表土和0-10cm土层中的氮、速效磷和总有机碳的含量都明显降低;人工杨树林下根际土中的微生物数量都比芦苇地的低,而其根表土中则是细菌、真菌数量低于芦苇地,放线具比芦苇地高;就4种功能细菌来说,人工杨树林根际土的纤维素菌、反硝化菌、硝化细菌和氨氧化细菌的数量则比芦苇地低,而根表土中除了氨氧化细菌外,其他3种功能细菌含量又比芦苇地的高。4种功能细菌数量在不同的土壤剖面中的分布也各不相同：在0-10cm土层中,人工杨树林的纤维素菌和氨氧化细菌的数量高于芦苇地,而其余2种功能茵则低于芦苇地;在10-25cm土层中,人工杨树林的纤维素菌和硝化细菌含量低于芦苇地,反硝化菌的含量却高于芦苇地,而氨氧化菌含量相同;在25-60cm土层中,除了纤维素菌,其他3种功能细菌含量都是人工杨树林低于芦苇地。通过系统进化树分析发现,滩地中普遍存在的细菌类群为α变形菌纲、β变形茵纲和硝化螺旋菌纲,而人工杨树林和芦苇地的根表土、根际土和0-10cm土层均存在各自专有的细菌种群,表明人工杨树林对芦苇滩地土壤中细菌种群产生了一定的影响。     

Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis from an oil-polluted wetland

Although Phragmites australis is commonly planted in constructed wetlands, very little is known about its roots-associated bacterial communities, especially in wetlands used for the remediation of oil produced waters. Here, we describe the bacterial diversity, using molecular (illumina MiSeq sequencing) and cultivation techniques, in the rhizosphere soils of P. australis from an oil-polluted wetland in Oman. The obtained isolates were tested for their plant-growth promoting properties. Most sequences belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes. Sequences of potential hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (e.g. Ochrobactrum, and Pseudomonas) were frequently encountered. All soils contained sequences of known sulfur-oxidizing (e.g. Thiobacillus, Thiofaba, Rhodobacter and Sulfurovum) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, although the latter group made up only 0.1% to 3% of total sequences. The obtained isolates from the rhizosphere soils were phylogenetically affiliated to Serratia, Acinetobacter, Xenorhabdus, Escherichia and Salmonella. All strains were able to solubilize phosphate and about half were capable of producing organic acids and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. Around 42% of the strains had the ability to produce indole acetic acid and siderophores. We conclude that the rhizosphere soils of P. australis in oil polluted wetlands harbor diverse bacterial communities that could enhance the wetland performance through hydrocarbon degradation, nutrient cycling and supporting plant growth.     

Assimilating efficiency of soil nutrition ofPhalaris arundinacea L.

Phalaris arundinacea L. is fine perennial herbage of Gramineae. Eight treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, PK and controls were done for studying its absorbing efficiency of soil nutrition. At tillering stage, the coefficient of absorbing and utilizing of N. P, and K from soil and fertilizer were analyzed according to M.K. Kaeomobk’s formula and the contents of crude protein and fat were also measured. The yields of fresh crop, hay and seed were measured at ripening stage. For N absorbing coefficient ofPh. arundinacea from soil (Kn%), the composition PK treatment is best (12.36%) and K treatment is worse, while for N absorbing coefficient from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatments are higher than control but the composition NPK treatment presented the highest (14.78%). For the absorbing coefficient of P from soil (Kn%), composition NK treatment is highest (19.30%), but K treatment was lower than control, while for that of P from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatment were higher than control but the composition NP treatment showed the highest (19.52%). As to K absorbing coefficient from soil (Kn^), NP treatment is the best (19.2%) and single P treatment is worst, while for that (Ky%) of K from fertilizer the composition NPK treatment was best (28.44%). As concerns treatments for the outputs of fresh and dry crop, the composition NP treatment was best and all the treatment were higher than control. The composition NK treatment produced highest yield of seed and highest content of crude protein as compared to other treatments For content of crude fat, the compositions NK and N treatments are best. The experiment indicates that application of fertlizer at proper proportions could increase the yield ofPh. Arundinacea and raise the utilizing efficiency of nourishment element from soil and fertilizer. Foundation item: This paper is supported by Educational Committee of Inner Mongolia autonomous Region (No. 950023) Biography: Qi Guang (1960), male, associate professor, presently works in Neimengu Nationalities University, Inner Mongelia P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai