LED红光对乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实贮藏特性的影响

探索红光对乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实着色及贮藏品质的影响,以期为提高脆蜜金柑果实的外观品质和商业价值提供理论依据。以7年生脆蜜金柑为试材,采用660nm红光照射乙烯褪绿脆蜜金柑果实,在贮藏期定期测定果皮色差、单果重、硬度、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量等色泽和品质指标。结果表明：红光处理通过促进脆蜜金柑果皮中叶绿素（a,b）的降解和总类胡萝卜素的合成,改善果实的外观色泽,乙烯利处理的效果不如红光,两者单独使用均存在转色不均匀的问题。经红光和低剂量乙烯共同处理后,脆蜜金柑果实5d即可均匀转色,660nm红光协同300ppm乙烯利处理可有效促进采后脆蜜金柑果皮转色。     

海兰（褐）父母代种鸡引入青海高寒地区的饲养试验

对从山东引入青海高寒地区的海兰（褐）父母代鸡进行了饲养试验。结果表明,引入鸡32周龄最高产蛋率达78%,25周龄后种蛋受精率达88%,入孵蛋的孵化率达75%,母鸡1～18周龄成活率为94%,19～60周龄成活率为92%。引入鸡的各项指标基本达到山东标准。     

郏县红牛产业发展现状、存在问题及对策

郏县红牛是由河南省平顶山市郏县经过长期不断选育而形成的地方优良品种.近几年,由于生产生活方式的改变,郏县红牛产业新的问题凸显.因此,本文主要分析了郏县红牛产业面临的问题,同时提出一些相应的对策,从而使郏县红牛在未来的发展中发挥自身独特的优势,进而增加农民收入.     

郏县红牛养殖场秋冬季的饲养管理

在郏县红牛养殖业发展的过程中,由于秋冬季节的昼夜温差比较大,经常会导致郏县红牛患病。秋冬季节郏县红牛的肠道功能比较差,易出现营养吸收不良和抗病力下降的问题,导致母红牛的生产性能降低,其犊牛的成活率下降,而郏县红牛群也会出现各种传染性疾病。因此在气温下降的背景下,秋冬季节的饲养管理对促进郏县红牛场养殖业的健康发展尤为重要。     

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 3. In vivo ultrasonographic assessment of the cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon

AIM: To determine if the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of young Thoroughbred horses changed in size and echogenicity in association with early race training.

METHODS: Cross-sectional area (CSA) and echogenicity were determined ultrasonographically at five levels of the SDFT of the forelimbs of 2-year-old fillies (n=14), corresponding to 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone (DACB). Measurements were made before and after a 13-week period in which a trained group of seven horses was compared with another group of seven untrained horses.

RESULTS: Level below the accessory carpal bone had a significant effect on CSA and Level 8 was smaller than all other levels except Level 12, while Level 12 was smaller than Levels 4 and 20 but not different from Levels 8 and 16. There was a significant interaction between level and time due to effects observed at Level 8. The CSA at Level 8 measured pre-training was different from that of Levels 4 and 20 in both pre- and post-training groups (p<0.05), but when measured post-training was not different from any other measurement. There was also a significant interaction between treatment group and time. There was no difference between CSA for the untrained and trained groups at the pre-training observation (p=0.9), but post-training the CSA (pooled over all levels) in trained horses was significantly larger than that of the untrained horses both post-training (p=0.019) and pre-training (p=0.034), and was not different from the pretraining CSA recorded in the trained group (p=0.29). Treatment group had no effect on echogenicity (p=0.43), while echogenicity was less at the end of the trial in both trained and untrained horses (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Early training for racing was associated with an increase in mean CSA of the SDFT. Other factors such as age and maturity may play a role in limiting this increase.     

降水对青海同德高寒草地牧草产量影响的积分回归分析

利用积分回归的基本原理,并以青海省同德县巴滩高寒草地牧草产量为例,运用积分回归分析气象要素与牧草产量的关系,确定了青海省同德县巴滩高寒草地不同生育时段的降水对牧草产量的影响效应。结果表明,降水对高寒天然草地牧草产量的影响正效应为4月上中旬、5月下旬—7月上旬和8月下旬3个阶段,降水量每增加1mm,牧草产量最大增加138.2,80.1,53.8kg/hm2;负效应为4月下旬—5月中旬和7月中旬—8月中旬2个阶段,降水量每增加1mm,牧草产量相应最多减少23.1,43.7kg/hm2。     

坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量

采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%～25%,施磷增产率在122%～172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0～12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%～68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。     

藏北草原生态文明评价与发展趋势预测

对藏北典型区域那曲县进行了生态文明统计测度与评价,并对未来8年生态环境与经济协调程度进行预测,为藏北牧区生态文明建设提出对策与思路。采用生态模型评价的方法,在分析生态文明内涵、发展、描述、评估和评价的基础上,寻求了一组具有典型代表意义并能反映藏北牧区生态文明建设各方面要求的特征指标;以那曲县为例建立了评价指标体系,利用生态脆弱地区"生态环境-经济发展"系统评价模型对当地生态文明建设的现状和目标进行了定量判断。引用协调发展程度计算模型,采用灰色系统方法(GM(1,1)模型)对那曲地区过去及未来经济与生态环境协调发展程度进行计算并预测。结果表明:那曲县生态环境与经济相互协调发展程度相对较低,2001~2013年生态环境与经济发展处在初级协调发展类和勉强协调发展类之间,未来8年协调发展程度呈下滑态势。     

基于最小数据集的喀斯特不同利用方式下土壤质量评价

为了探究贵州喀斯特区域不同土壤利用方式对土壤质量的影响,我们对该地区的林地、人工草地、天然草地、农田、弃耕地5种土地利用方式下的土壤理化性质进行研究。基于最小数据集对该区域的土壤质量进行评价,构建的最小数据集包括：土壤pH值、容重、全盐、阳离子交换量、全氮、有效铜、有效铁等指标。结果表明：全量数据集和最小数据集获得的土壤质量均表现为林地 > 人工草地 > 天然草地 > 农田 > 弃耕地;人工草地、天然草地、农田、林地的土壤质量等级为二级,位于土壤质量分级中的"较高"水平,弃耕地土壤质量为三级,位于"中等"水平。以上结果表明,人为对自然生态系统的开垦降低了土壤的质量。     

Seasonal variations in the diet and food selection of the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus

The Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus is an insectivorous species. However, the exact composition of its natural diet remains largely undetermined, especially in relation to seasonal variations in food availability. From March to November, we simultaneously analysed the composition of 180 hedgehog faecal samples and food availability in the Soumman Valley, Algeria to assess food selection in this species. The faeces contained 196 different prey species, of which 92% belonged to the class Insecta. The highest prey species diversity was found in the Coleoptera order (100 species recorded) and the highest species occurrence was found in Hymenoptera (65% of the prey items, mainly represented by the harvester ant Messor barbarus, a crop-ravaging species). This study shows that the Algerian hedgehog is mainly a generalist species with a diet that is strongly linked to food availability. However, seasonal variations were observed in prey selection, and a notable shift in food preference was observed during autumn. The exact nature of these changes in feeding behaviour remains to be investigated, notably in relation to changes in energy requirements of this species before hibernation, in terms of quantity and/or quality.