环境因子对黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的影响

研究光周期和水温这 2种重要的环境因子对黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的影响。结果表明 :1)连续光照可导致黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的昼夜节律消失 ;连续黑暗环境中黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平仍保持昼夜节律性 ,但波动幅度变窄 ;光暗颠倒导致黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平出现 180度移位。从而说明黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的相位变化基本能反映出光周期的时程改变。 2 )在一定的温度范围 (15～ 2 1℃ )内 ,黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平保持相对稳定 ;高温 (31℃ )则刺激黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平显著升高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。由此可见 ,黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平受到环境光周期与水温的协同调节。温度相关性的幅度变化协同光周期依赖性的时相变化 ,可能是调节褪黑激素发挥生殖调节作用的 2种重要方式。     

几个牡丹切花品种的采后衰老特征与水分平衡研究

以 5个牡丹切花品种为材料通过瓶插观察 ,测定失水量与吸水量的差异 ,研究了牡丹切花品种的采后衰老特征、瓶插寿命与水分平衡的关系。结果表明‘百花丛笑’、‘朱红绝伦’及‘雪莲’不仅开放进程快 ,而且可达到最大开放程度 ,瓶插寿命为 5～ 6d ;‘玉面桃花’与‘天香湛露’瓶插寿命长达 8d ,但由于开放进程慢 ,并没有表现最长的观赏期。水分平衡值品种间存在差异 ,但变化趋势仍表现为上述两组 ,前 3个品种的水分平衡值前期较高 ,之后下降 ;而后两者则前期较低。水分平衡值与瓶插寿命未见直接的关系 ,但其变化趋势与花朵的开放进程关系密切     

不同固沙植被下沙丘土壤水分动态比较

以毛乌素沙地覆盖度>90%的油蒿、50%～60%的沙柳、35%～40%的樟子松固定沙丘为研究对象,流动沙丘为对照,采用自动监测系统实时监测降雨、0～200 cm土壤含水量及200 cm以下渗漏量,分析5—11月不同固沙植被下沙丘土壤水分动态差异,以期为固沙植被稳定性评价提供参考。结果表明:较低覆盖度樟子松与高盖度油蒿、沙柳相比更具固沙优势。3种固沙植被表层0～30 cm土壤水分受降雨影响大,对>20 mm降雨均产生响应;60～200 cm土壤水分时间变化特征存在差异,樟子松与对照变化趋势一致,油蒿和沙柳仅对40 mm降雨产生响应;0～200 cm土壤水分垂直变化没有相同规律,变异性较大,樟子松变幅最大,为(5.03±3.09)%;深层渗漏特征基本一致,均有极少量水分渗漏到200 cm以下。     

Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China

The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region.     

Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making

Research demonstrating the biophysical benefits of urban trees are often used to justify investments in urban forestry. Far less emphasis, however, is placed on the non-bio-physical benefits such as improvements in public health. Indeed, the public-health benefits of trees may be significantly larger than the biophysical benefits, and, therefore, failure to account for the public-health benefits of trees may lead to underinvestment in urban forestry. In addition, the distribution of trees that maximizes bio-physical benefits may not maximize public-health benefits.     

改性玉米芯制备太阳能界面蒸发体及其性能分析

针对天然生物质材料应用于海水淡化领域,蒸发效率较低、材料容易降解等问题,采用多巴胺对天然玉米芯进行改性处理,以改性玉米芯为基底,在其表面包覆炭黑-纤维素薄膜,制备了一种集光热转换、输水、隔热于一体的太阳能界面蒸发体。对改性玉米芯蒸发体的光学吸收性能、输水性能、接触角进行表征,并搭建了室内蒸发试验和户外蒸发试验系统,测试了改性玉米芯的蒸发性能,与天然玉米芯相比,改性玉米芯蒸发体的蒸发速率相对未改性的提升了约10.4%。对改性玉米芯蒸发体进行了30次循环试验,蒸发体均保持稳定的蒸发速率,整个循环测试中蒸发速率波动不超过1%。并且,长期工作后,蒸发体表面没有盐分沉积,没有出现材料软化、降解现象。改性玉米芯蒸发体在海水环境中能够保持良好、稳定的蒸发性能,且能够有效降低海水中的Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺等离子浓度,达到世界卫生组织所规定的饮用标准中的相应限值。改性玉米芯蒸发体的制备方法简单、成本低廉、蒸发性能稳定,为扩展生物质材料在海水淡化领域的应用提供了有效途径。     

Effects of Gradual Water Deficit Stress on Phenological and Morphological Traits in Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of gradual water deficit stress on some phonological and morphological traits and grain yield of desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. This study was carried out in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate responses of three chickpea cultivars （Hashem and Arman from kabuli and Pirooz from desi type） under well watering （I1： 70mm evaporation from class A pan）, gradual water deficit （12 and 13： 70→90→ 110→130 and 70→100→130mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively） and severe water stress （14： 130mm evaporation from class A pan）. Result showed that days to flowering and plant height were decreased, as water limitation increased. This reduction was significant under gradual water stress （I2 and I3） and Severe water deficit （I4）, compared with control （I1）. There were no significant differences in grain filling period and grain yield among I~, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. No significant differences in days to physiologic maturity and number of sub branches were recorded among irrigation treatments. Interactions of year×cultivar for days to physiologic maturity, grain filling period and grain yield （P≤0.01） and for days to flowering and plant height （P≤0.05） were significant. The superiority of Arman in producing comparatively greater grain yield could be attributed to higher grain filling period of this cultivar in both years.     

论农村水利工程灌溉

设计是实现农村水利工程灌溉的基础,是建设新型水利工程的依据,就农村水利工程灌溉建设设计中注意事项与设计原则进行了讨论.