Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

鸭瘟病毒的PCR检测及其产物分析

根据基因库中已有的鸭瘟 Ul6的序列 ,合成一对引物 ,对 3株鸭瘟病毒进行 PCR扩增 ,均扩增出大小约 42 0 bp的特异性片段。进行测序 ,结果表明 3个毒株扩增后的片段均为 42 1bp。经重复实验后确定最佳反应条件 ,按该条件对两例临床病料进行检测 ,结果均出现大小约为 42 0 bp的特异片段。PCR产物与 L ake Andes株的相关序列比较 ,广东毒株与 L ake Andes株同源性较高     

应用FA及PPA-ELISA技术对猪瘟的检测

用免疫荧光抗体诊断技术及单克隆抗体纯化酶联免疫吸附试验诊断技术对疑为猪瘟病毒感染猪进行了检测 ,重点阐述了 2种方法的技术原理和操作过程。通过用免疫荧光抗体诊断技术检测了 5份病料 ,其中有 2份为阳性 ,阳性率为 40 % ;用单克隆抗体纯化酶联免疫吸附试验诊断技术检测了猪瘟血清抗体 ,在 40头母猪血清样品中 ,猪瘟弱毒抗体效价 OD值较高 ,有 1 0 0 %的保护率 ,但是发现母猪群中有 1 0 %隐性猪瘟感染 ,其强毒抗体效价 OD值大于 0 .5,体内带有猪瘟病毒。结果及过程表明此两种诊断方法检测快速、鉴别准确、分辨率高     

利用PCR对鸭瘟和鸭"传染性肿头症"的鉴别诊断

本文利用聚合链反应(PCR)技术对鸭瘟和鸭“传染性肿头症”进行鉴别诊断。结果证明该方法具有特异、快速的特点。可对这两种临床症状较为相似的鸭传染性疾病进行快速鉴别诊断。     

家蚕脂蛋白基因BmLp-c21的表达分析及蛋白质亚细胞定位

家蚕30 kD脂蛋白家族在家蚕的生长发育过程中具有重要的生理功能。从家蚕蛹cDNA文库中克隆到一条编码30kD蛋白质的基因cDNA序列,该序列全长2 803 bp,ORF为792 bp,编码含263个氨基酸残基的脂蛋白(low molecular 30K lipo-protein pBmHPC-21;GenBank登录号:Q00801),命名为BmLp-c21。将BmLp-c21克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+),转化E.coli Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后通过亲和层析得到纯化的融合蛋白,并免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。亚细胞定位显示BmLp-c21主要存在于细胞质中,呈点状或者片状分布。通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting方法,分别检测到家蚕不同发育时期和5龄幼虫不同组织中BmLp-c21 mRNA的转录水平与蛋白质的表达水平存在较大差异,在蛹期及5龄幼虫血淋巴中的mRNA转录水平和蛋白质表达水平最高。初步推测BmLp-c21在家蚕蛹的变态发育过程以及蚕体脂质的运输方面具有重要的功能。     

Latent class analysis of the diagnostic characteristics of PCR and conventional bacteriological culture in diagnosing intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows at dry off

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of intramammary infections in dairy cows at dry off. Reliable identification is important for disease management on herd level and for antimicrobial treatment of infected animals. Our objective was to evaluate the test characteristics of PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay and bacteriological culture (BC) in diagnosing bovine intramammary infections caused by S. aureus at dry off at different PCR cycle threshold (Ct)-value cut-offs.

Methods

Sterile quarter samples and non-sterile composite samples from 140 animals in seven herds were collected in connection with the dairy herd improvement (DHI) milk recording. All quarter samples were analyzed using BC whereas all composite samples were analyzed with PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay. Latent class analysis was used to estimate test properties for PCR and BC in the absence of a perfect reference test. The population was divided into two geographically divided subpopulations and the Hui-Walter 2-test 2-populations model applied to estimate Se, Sp for the two tests, and prevalence for the two subpopulations.

Results

The Se for PCR increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off, accompanied by a small decrease in Sp. For BC the Se decreased and Sp increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off. Most optimal test estimates for the real-time PCR assay were at a Ct-value cut-off of 37; 0.93 [95% posterior probability interval (PPI) 0.60-0.99] for Se and 0.95 [95% PPI 0.95-0.99] for Sp. At the same Ct-value cut-off, Se and Sp for BC were 0.83 [95% PPI 0.66-0.99] and 0.97 [95% PPI 0.91-0.99] respectively. Depending on the chosen PCR Ct-value cut-off, the prevalence in the subpopulations varied; the prevalence increased with increasing PCR Ct-value cut-offs.

Conclusion

Neither BC nor real-time PCR is a perfect test in detecting IMI in dairy cows at dry off. The changes in sensitivity and prevalence at different Ct-value cut-offs for both PCR and BC may indicate a change in the underlying disease definition. At low PCR Ct-value cut-offs the underlying disease definition may be a truly/heavily infected cow, whereas at higher PCR Ct-value cut-offs the disease definition may be a S. aureus positive cow.     

猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒双重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

目的本研究旨在建立一种适用于临床样品和动物源性生物制品中猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒同时检测的双重PCR技术。方法针对猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的gE基因和猪细小病毒(PPV)的VP2基因的保守区域分别设计引物。结果经条件优化后,所建立的双重PCR方法能特异性地检测出样品中的PRV(581bp)和PPV(202bp)。结论本方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和稳定性,适用于临床样品中对PRV和PPV的同时检测,也可用于猪源性生物制品的检测。     

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection following an abortion outbreak in a dairy cattle herd

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in a commercial dairy cattle herd, 15 months after detection of an abortion outbreak. PROCEDURE: Sera from the whole herd (n = 266) were examined for N caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoblot analysis. Herd records were reviewed to collate serological results with abortion history, proximity to calving, and pedigree data. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of N caninum infection was 24% (63/266) for IFAT titre > or = 160, 29% (78/266) for immunoblot positive (+ve), and 31% (82/266) for IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve; 94% (59/63) of animals with IFAT > or = 160 were immunoblot +ve. The association between seropositivity (IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve) and history of abortion was highly significant (P < 0.001); the seroprevalence was 86% (18/21) in aborting cows, compared with 30% (50/164) in non-aborting animals. The abortion rate for seropositive cows was 26% (18/68) compared with 3% (3/117) for seronegative animals. IFAT titres of infected cows were higher within 2 months of calving than at other times (P < 0.001). The association between seropositivity in dams and daughters was highly significant (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The abortions were associated with N caninum infection and there was evidence of reactivation of latent infection close to calving and congenital transmission of infection. Immunodominant antigens identified by immunoblots may prove useful for improved diagnostic tests.     

应用多重聚合酶链式反应检测鸡毒支原体、鸡滑液囊支原体和禽衣阿华支原体的研究

根据鸡毒支原体 (MG)、禽衣阿华支原体 (MI)、鸡滑液囊支原体 (MS)的基因文库 ,设计了 3对分别与MG、MI、MS某段基因序列互补的引物。用这 3对引物对同一样品中的MG、MI、MSDNA模板进行多重聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)扩增 ,结果均同时得到了 3条特异性的大小与实验设计相符的 732bp (MG)、 2 99bp (MI)、 2 0 7bp (MS)多重的PCR扩增带 ,而对其他 6种禽病病原的PCR扩增结果均为阴性 ;敏感性测定结果能同时检出 1pg的MG、MI和MSDNA模板