灌水对不同穗型小麦碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响

为了给小麦节水栽培实践提供参考,在大田条件下研究了灌水次数对大穗型小麦品种豫麦66与多穗型小麦品种豫麦49碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,增加灌水次数可以提高旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,在灌浆中后期豫麦66较豫麦49具有明显优势。随着灌水次数增加,旗叶和籽粒可溶性糖含量在灌浆前期降低,而在灌浆后期籽粒可溶性糖含量升高,旗叶则表现相反。籽粒淀粉积累速率在灌浆前期随灌水次数增加而降低,但在灌浆后期则与之相反。籽粒灌浆速率呈单峰曲线变化,增加灌水次数,积累高峰期推迟,且前期慢,后期快,在花后35 d豫麦66在灌一水、灌两水和灌三水处理下籽粒灌浆速率分别为0.96、1.24和1.07 mg/d,而豫麦49分别为0.94、0.39和0.36 mg/d。豫麦66与豫麦49号相比,旗叶可溶性糖含量在灌浆中后期较低,淀粉及籽粒积累速率的峰值出现较晚但持续时间较长,表明大穗型品种同化物外运能力和库活性较强,灌浆进程稳健。     

UHPLC-Q/TOF MS结合HPLC-DAD定性和定量分析硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物

定性和定量分析一批兽药硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物。照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部对该批检品用微生物检定法进行含量测定时,发现该样品的抑菌圈为虚圈,用薄层色谱鉴别该样品,未显示与标准品溶液一致的主斑点,怀疑该样品中有处方外非法添加物。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF MS)对该样品进行筛查,发现疑似添加物,并使用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)法进行了双重确证和含量测定。该样品中非法添加物确证为磺胺氯达嗪和甲氧苄啶,添加量分别为58.5 mg/g和13.4 mg/g。本研究通过建立筛查方法为监管部门提供技术支撑,通过分析非法添加物的可能原因为打击兽药处方外非法添加提供了思路。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑日本结缕草ZjSGR基因技术研究

日本结缕草(Zoysia japonica)是一种常见的具有众多优良性状的暖季型草种,秋冬季节在我国北方地区会较早出现叶片脱绿现象,在一定程度上限制了日本结缕草在北方的大面积使用。ZjSGR是从结缕草中分离出来的一种衰老诱导基因,负调控叶片滞绿性状。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统,通过基因枪介导的遗传转化方法实现对日本结缕草ZjSGR基因的编辑,经测序验证获得1株单碱基缺失突变植株。突变植株叶片深绿,在正常生长温度(28～30℃)条件下,和对照相比,叶绿素含量更高(P <0.05)。本研究为进一步阐述ZjSGR基因在日本结缕草滞绿性状调控中的作用机理提供了基础研究材料,也为培育日本结缕草滞绿品种育种工作奠定了基础。     

New method using quantitative PCR to follow the tick blood meal and to assess the anti-feeding effect of topical acaricide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs

A 28-day study was conducted to assess the dynamic of blood feeding by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs treated or not with a novel topical combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene. Dogs were infested weekly through exposure to ticks in crates for 4 h. Ticks were then counted in the crates at 2 h and 4 h post dog exposure. Ticks were also counted and removed from the dogs at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h post tick exposure. The inhibition of blood feeding was assessed by both tick quantification and designing and performing a quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect the canine hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in ticks. The percentage of repellency sensu lato based on the ticks collected in crates at 2 h varied from 4.7% at day 28 to 48.3% at day 7. The immediate mortality rate of the ticks expelled at 2 h varied from 1.5% at day 21 to 31.7% at day 7. The efficacy calculation showed that the acaricidal combination started to kill ticks in as little as 2 h. The average efficacy reached 90.0% at 12 h post crate challenges and 100% at 24 h post exposure in crates. The inclusion of an internal amplification control was used to ensure that no significant template-derived PCR inhibition (≤6.2%) affected the overall results. The reduction of blood feeding was significant at 4 h (>80.0%) and >99.0% at 24 h post tick exposure in the crate. The high repellency rate and the lethal efficacy of CERTIFECT^® resulted in significantly fewer live attached ticks, consequently reducing blood intake and fluid exchanges.     

氮肥用量对滨海滩涂区甘薯干物质积累、氮素效率和钾钠吸收的影响

我国沿海滩涂种植能源作物甘薯有广阔的前景。为确定苏北滩涂区甘薯适宜施氮量,比较了6个施氮水平下甘薯的成活率(SR)、商品率(CR)、蔓薯比(V/T)、干物质积累(DMA)、氮素累积值(NAV)、氮利用效率(NUE)、氮收获指数(NHI)及钾钠吸收的差异。结果表明:(1)施氮量与甘薯地上部分DMA和NAV均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,余同),对地下部分NAV影响较小(P>0.05)。(2)与不施氮比较,施氮60 kg(N)·hm-2对甘薯的V/T、SR、NUE和NHI均无显著影响。(3)甘薯的CR、地下部分和块根DMA以及理论产量(NAV×NUE×NHI)均以施氮60 kg(N)·hm-2显著高于其他处理。施氮量超过60 kg(N)·hm-2,施氮量与甘薯的V/T值呈极显著正相关,与SR、CR、NUE、NHI、地下部分和块根DMA均呈极显著负相关。(4)甘薯对钾钠的吸收量均随施氮量的增加而增加,二者呈极显著正相关。甘薯地上部分钾钠含量均在施氮量为60 kg(N)·hm-2时达到最高值。施氮量对钾钠含量比没有影响。因此,苏北滩涂区甘薯适宜施氮量为60 kg(N)·hm-2。     

Down-regulation of miR-153-3p attenuates H2O2-induced H9C2 cell injury by promoting Nrf2 expression

AIM To study the effect of microRNA-153-3p (miR-153-3p) knock-down on oxidative injury of H9C2 cells induced by H₂O₂ and its specific mechanism. METHODS The oxidative stress injury of H9C2 cell model was induced by H₂O₂, and then the cell viability and the expression of miR-153-3p were detected by MTT assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. The effects of miR-153-3p knock-down on the H9C2 cell injury under oxidative stress were studied by RNA interference technology. The targets of miR-153-3p were identified by Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the viability of H9C2 cells was decreased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-153-3p was increased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.05). Knock-down of miR-153-3p increased the viability of H9C2 cells under oxidative stress, decreased the cell apoptosis and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2（Nrf2） and antioxidant response element（ARE） activity were increased with the increase in H₂O₂ concentration (P<0.01). TargetScan analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that Nrf2 was one of the potential target genes of miR-153-3p. The results of Western blot further showed that over-expression of miR-153-3p inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (P<0.01), while down-regulation of miR-153-3p increased the expression of Nrf2 (P<0.01). Dual interference with Nrf2 and miR-153-3p significantly reduced H9C2 cell viability, promoted the apoptosis, increased MDA content, and decreased SOD activity in the presence of H₂O₂ (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-153-3p expression attenuates the injury of H9C2 cells induced by H₂O₂ through up-regulating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.     

玉米/鹰嘴豆间作条件下不同施磷量对灌耕灰钙土无机磷组分的影响

在甘肃引黄灌区的灌耕灰钙土区域,通过玉米／鹰嘴豆间作种植,采用蒋柏藩、顾益初石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法研究了施磷水平和间作种植方式对玉米、鹰嘴豆土壤无机磷素形态的影响。结果表明：研究区各无机磷形态含量顺序为O－P＞Ca10－P＞Ca8－P＞Al－P＞Fe－P＞Ca2－P ,施磷能够显著提高玉米和鹰嘴豆土壤中Ca2－P、Ca8－P、Al－P和Fe－P的含量,O－P和Ca10－P的含量不随施磷量增加发生显著性变化;与单作相比,间作种植对鹰嘴豆土壤带各无机磷组分含量没有显著影响,但间作玉米种植带土壤各组分无机磷含量均低于单作土壤,其中不施磷肥处理下Fe－P、施纯磷40 kg·hm－2处理下Al－P及施纯磷80 kg·hm－2处理下Ca10－P的含量显著低于单作土壤。     

基于Pro/E及ADAMS液态施肥机扎穴机构的设计与仿真

为了达到液态施肥机高速作业的目标,试验设计了一种运动平稳的椭圆齿轮行星系作为液态施肥机的扎穴机构。为满足喷肥针垂直入土、出土时扎穴深度120~150 mm的工作要求,设计参数为:椭圆齿轮长半轴29.364 mm、齿数23、短半轴与长半轴比0.958,正圆齿轮半径25 mm。应用三维造型设计软件Pro/E,绘制机构各零部件模型并装配,通过改变保存文件的类型实现Pro/E与ADAMS数据交换。在ADAMS中建立机构虚拟样机和运动学仿真,得到扎穴机构针尖的运动轨迹并进行分析。结果表明,应用虚拟样机技术可以实现扎穴机构的快速设计、准确分析,提高了设计速度,减少了设计成本。     

鄄城县农村生态经济系统的灰色分析

】本文利用灰色关联度分析方法，对鄄城县农村生态经济系统进行了研究，得到农村社会总产值与农业、非农业总产值之间，农业总产值和种植业、林业、牧业、副业、渔业产值之间，非农业总产值与农村工业、建筑业、运输业、商业服务业产值之间以及它们与部门内各产业产值之间的灰色关联度，并绘成该县农村生态经济系统的灰色关联树。由此找到了影响该县农村社会经济发展的主导产业，为结构调整提供了科学依据和对策     

基于CLUE-S模型的湟水流域土地利用空间分布模拟

基于CLUE-S模型,以青海湟水流域为研究区,分别利用1987年和1996年两期土地利用数据,运用逻辑斯蒂逐步回归方法选择自然和社会经济等18种驱动因子,对湟水流域2007年土地利用空间分布格局进行模拟.在此基础上,构建流域2008-2027年土地利用变化的4种不同情景,并模拟了4种情景下2027年土地利用空间分布格局.研究结果表明:(1)两期模拟总体精度分别达到了88.31％和89.96％,4种Kappa指数均大于0.82,表明CLUE-S模型在湟水流域具有良好的土地利用模拟能力.(2)流域2008-2027年不同情景下,城乡居住建设用地在4种情景下均表现为明显增加,主要沿湟水河谷区域扩展,而3种退耕情景下的坡耕地空间格局模拟结果存在着明显的空间差异,从情景二、情景三到情景四,流域内坡耕地范围逐步减小,林地、草地面积范围增大,退耕部分主要分布在流域东部、西部和北部:东部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在乐都县和民和县;北部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在大通县县城北部;西部地区退耕范围则主要在湟源县县城西北部的湟水河两岸.研究结论可为湟水流域未来土地利用管理、规划及政策的制定等提供参考依据和决策支持.