刍议人与自然关系的新维度

阐述了以人为本是处理人与自然关系的基本准则。人与自然关系的演变经过了天本、物本和人本3个阶段。要解决人与自然关系的矛盾,必须树立以人为本的有机自然观。以人为本包含3个原则:合理性原则、公平性原则和创造性原则。     

叶尔羌河流域水资源最优调配研究

流域水资源最优调配是一个复杂的大系统优化问题。应用系统科学的原理和方法 ,针对叶尔羌河流域 ,建立了模拟优化模型 ,探讨了模型求解思路和方法 ,并提出人机对话算法。应用该模型和算法 ,进行叶尔羌河流域水资源最优调配实例计算 ,结果证明了模型、算法的正确性和合理性     

天然次生林群落中主要树木种群直径分布规律的研究

本文运用不同概率分布律对天然次生林群落中主要树木种群的直径结构进行了研究．探讨这些规律对于天然次生林的合理经营以及进行森林调查均具有重要意义．     

黑龙江省东方白鹳现状及种群恢复

黑龙江省位于中国东北部,总面积45.40万km~2,生境多样,有三江平原和松嫩平原两大平原分布,也是全国湿地面积较大的省份。是我国东方白鹳的主要繁殖区,但由于湿地开发,人为不同程度地干扰使得东方白鹳的繁殖地不断缩小,繁殖种群数量明显减少。到上世纪80年代末,全省繁殖数量仅有10余个巢。从1990年在全省开始了东方白鹳人工招引工作。到目前为止,已经建立了200多个人工巢,有80余个巢被利用。东方白鹳的繁殖数量由10余只上升到现在的150多只。东方白鹳的繁殖种群已经明显回升。今后应该加强对该物种的保护和研究工作,进一步扩大东方白鹳在三江平原的繁殖种群。     

Induction and effector phases of the immune response: Physiological and pathophysiological features

A review is given on the current state of knowledge about the induction and effector phases of the immune response. Physiological and pathophysiological features of the regulation of the immune response are discussed comparatively for both man and animals.     

不同密度对毕粳39号产量及其构成因素的影响

研究不同密度对毕粳 39号产量及其构成因素的影响以及产量与产量构成因素的相关性。结果表明 ,在 15万～ 32万窝 /hm2 范围内 ,毕粳 39号产量随着密度的增大而增加 ,超过 32万窝 /hm2 ,则产量呈下降趋势。通过二次曲线拟合得出毕粳 39号高产栽培最适密度为 32万窝 /hm2 。     

Rules for participation and negotiation and their possible influence on the content of a National Forest Programme

The participation of stakeholders in National Forest Programmes (NFPs) was internationally recommended by the IPF and IFF Proposals for Action. However, where rules for participation and negotiation are absent, unclear or unsuitable, substantive stakeholder involvement may be impeded. Starting from a survey of some relevant elements of rational choice, game, and negotiation theory, the paper outlines some of the problems associated with the concept of participation. Specifically, it discusses how NFP results may be influenced by the selection of participants, their self-organisation, their possible involvement in hierarchies, by co-ordination and decision rules within NFP discussion groups, and by the interrelation of these issues with participants’ bargaining power. The paper discusses how negotiations can be organised in order to surmount the obstacles to achieving a substantive participatory NFP.     

Presence of Trichinella spiralis in free-living red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Sweden related to trichinella infection in swine and man

One thousand one hundred and fifty-one free-living foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from different parts of Sweden were investigated. Totally 19.6 % were infected with trichinella. Infected foxes were found in all counties except the geographically isolated island of Gotland. In the different counties 6–48 % of investigated foxes were infected.Trichinella was more common in old foxes than in young, 40 % and 11 %, respectively. Regarding male and female, however, the frequency was the same.The number of trichinella per g of muscle varied between 0.05 and 200. Less than 1.0 trichinella larva per g muscle was established in 27.3 % of the foxes, between 1 and 49.9 trichinella larvae in 69.3 % and 50 or more trichinella larvae per g muscle in 3.4 % of the foxes. The number of trichinella larvae per infected fox was roughly the same in both sexes as well as in different age groups.The potential danger of transmitting trichinella from foxes and other carnivores to swine and man is pointed out.The high frequency of trichinella in foxes, 19.6 %, was compared to the very low frequency in swine, 0.00018 %, and in man, 0.00003 %.     

3种干扰方式下滇西北天然侧柏林植物多样性比较

运用民族植物学和生态学的调查方法,对滇西北德钦县阿东村的天然侧柏林植物多样性进行了调查.结果表明:对于灌木、草本层物种数,中、重度干扰样地多样性指数、均匀度指数均较对照样地大,但从增加和减少的物种来看,多为次生阳性广布植物,缺乏中国特有属种,增加的物种对侧柏群落的相对稳定起不到实质性的作用.     

一起由带菌入传染的猪巴氏杆菌病

本文首次报道了一起由巴氏杆菌感染恢复期带菌人作为传染源引起的猪巴氏杆菌病的爆发。这次爆发于1983年夏季,发生在三明市郊的三个专业户的小母猪群中。根据现场调查和实验室试验结果,从病死猪的肝脾和带菌者的咽喉拭子分离出了巴氏杆菌,做出确诊,并对这次病的发生作出了简要的分析讨论。