稀土化合物对玉米幼苗生理过程的影响

用不同浓度的稀土化合物拌种,对玉米种子的萌发和幼苗生理过程进行了研究。结果表明,适当浓度的稀土化合物处理能促进玉米种子的萌发,加速幼苗根、茎、叶的生长,增加叶片的气孔数和根的维管束数,增加幼苗干物质的累积。     

微波消解-ICP-MS同时检测茶叶中的铅、砷、镉、铬、汞和16种稀土元素

研究建立采用微波消解处理样品,电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定茶叶中的铅、砷、铬、汞、镉和16种稀土元素的方法,用加标回收的方法评价了该方法的准确性,并测定了方法检出限。将该方法应用于茶叶样品中上述元素的检测,检测结果与国标方法基本一致。     

南美蟛蜞菊在稀土矿废弃地的栽培与应用研究

[目的]研究南美蟛蜞菊在稀土矿中的生长情况,为矿区植被恢复与重建工作提供技术支撑。[方法]以南美蟛蜞菊为材料,采用先在实验室盆栽扦插后在稀土矿废弃地进行栽培的方式,研究南美蟛蜞菊在普通土壤和稀土矿废弃地的生长差异。[结果]南美蟛蜞菊在稀土矿废弃地里能正常生长,其茎段拥有发育成一个完整植株的能力,在种植前期保证充沛的浇水量能够让蟛蜞菊快速生长。[结论]南美蟛蜞菊在稀土矿废弃地有良好的生长适应性,适宜在稀土矿废弃地上栽培与应用。     

赣南稀土尾矿堆积区水土流失规律初探

赣南是我国重要的离子型稀土矿生产基地,但在其开采的同时也对矿区周围的土壤与环境造成影响,特别是稀土尾矿的水土流失问题尤为严重。本文选择典型的尾矿水土流失区,采用野外测量等方法对矿堆的主要水土流失类型及其强烈程度进行研究,同时对典型水土流失路径进行实地监测。结果表明:尾矿水土流失区沟道平均侵蚀模数约为3.73×104 t/(km2?a),坡面细沟平均侵蚀模数为1 651.2 t/(km2?a),水土流失情况极其严重。在降雨过程中,侵蚀沟内路径为侵蚀状态,侵蚀深度不断增加,在距沟头66 m处侵蚀深度开始减小,径流流出冲沟后到距离侵蚀沟出口处大约60 m的地方侵蚀深度为0 cm,之后随着距离的增加,泥沙开始逐渐沉积,水土流失状态转为堆积。     

酸雨伤害植物机理与稀土调控研究

阐述了酸雨对植物质子效应、离子效应、光合效应和自由基效应等伤害机理 ,探讨了应用稀土及配合物调控植物代谢、减轻酸雨伤害植物的效应和机理 ,并指出该项研究方向     

稀土农膜转光材料合成与性质研究

采用乙醇 水溶液析出法合成了 1 1种以稀土三价铕离子为中心离子 ,以 β二酮 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮、二苯甲酰甲烷、苯甲酰丙酮 )和芳香羧酸 (肉桂酸、烟酸 )为主配体 ,有机胺类 (邻菲咯啉、三辛胺、三乙胺 )为协同配体的二元及三元配合物 ,通过荧光光谱和TG DTA谱线分析配合物荧光性能及热力学稳定性结果表明 ,所合成的配合物中仅三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )和三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )荧光强度高于对照 ,且依次为三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) >三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) >对照。三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )和三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )起始分解温度分别为 2 2 0℃和 2 5 0℃ ,高于膜的加工温度 ,可满足生产需要。而三 (二苯甲酰甲烷根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ )生产成本低于对照和三 (α 噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮根 ) (邻菲咯啉 )·合铕 (Ⅲ ) ,因而更具竞争优势     

Assessing limitations on population growth in two critically endangered Acacia taxa

Flowering phenology, soil seedbank and the impact of fire, weeds and grazing were investigated in two rare Acacia taxa restricted to the agricultural district north of Perth Western Australia. Acacia aprica is known from six extant populations and one extinct population. Five of the extant populations are restricted to linear road reserves with the sixth population located in a small native vegetation remnant. Acacia cochlocarpa ssp. cochlocarpa is known from a single population also situated on a road verge. Size class structure, levels of canopy death and an absence of juveniles indicated that all populations are in decline. Flowering intensity and success varied between populations and years in A. aprica and between years in A. cochlocarpa ssp. cochlocarpa. Seed bank analysis indicated that seeds were patchily distributed while experimental fires demonstrated that such events could break seed dormancy and promote germination. Both taxa have similar germination physiologies and showed increased germination after seeds were exposed to heat. Following emergence, however, competition with annual weeds had a negative impact on seedling growth and survival in both taxa. While vertebrate grazing had some influence, weeds were the major inhibitory influence on recruitment. Reduced fire frequencies since fragmentation may be responsible for population decline in both taxa but other site specific factors such as weeds and grazing may affect the establishment of seedlings following fire.     

红壤性水稻土稀土元素组分分布与变异性研究

测定了具有代表性的 4种母质发育、3种水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的∑REE、∑LREE和∑HREE ,分析了其分布特点和剖面变异性 ,表明 :(1)红壤性水稻土的∑REE平均水平和离散性均大于全国水稻土平均水平 :(2 )不同母质发育的供试土壤的∑REE和∑LREE的平均水平依玄武岩母质土壤系列 >石英闪长岩母质土壤系列 >黑云母花岗岩母质土壤系列 >凝灰岩母质土壤系列顺序递减 ;(3 )土壤剖面稀土组分体系的变异程度为 :∑LREE >∑HREE >∑REE ;而在不同水育类型上则依起源土壤、潜育型水稻土、渗育型水稻土、潴育型水稻土顺序增大。 (4 )∑LREE和∑HREE在渗育型水稻土的E层和潴育型水稻土的Br层具有显著的分馏作用     

Genetic consequences of low local tree densities - Implications for the management of naturally rare, insect pollinated species in temperate forests

Early on, researchers of evolutionary biology recognised that heterogeneity in the mating environment is an important source of variation in mating patterns. Focusing on the mating environment, we assessed the effect of conspecific tree density on mating patterns in the naturally scattered forest tree Sorbus domestica L. In an area of more than 100 km², we mapped and genotyped all 189 adult trees and performed a paternity analysis on seeds produced by single mothers. Despite a self-incompatibility system, average selfing rate was 31.9%, but with high variation among mother trees. Over 70% of this variation was explained by local density of conspecifics (i.e. within a radius of 300 m), with isolated trees being more prone to selfing. While we detected high selfing rates in progeny, adult trees showed no signs of inbreeding. As almost all inbreeding in the offspring could be attributed to self-fertilisation, we hypothesise that there is strong selection against selfed individuals. The effective reproductive output of isolated trees, which mainly self, is therefore greatly reduced. These findings have important consequences for the management of naturally scattered, insect-pollinated temperate tree species, often belonging to the family of Rosaceae. For these species, local density of conspecifics should be maintained above a certain threshold (i.e. 0.05 trees/ha in S. domestica), to avoid negative fitness consequences from selfing.     

珍稀濒危植物的胚胎学研究进展

植物濒危原因很多 ,其中主要原因是由于繁殖困难造成个体数量减少而面临濒危。本文综述了被子植物胚胎学研究的主要内容及在珍稀濒危植物方面开展的研究工作 ,并讨论了 11种植物有性生殖过程存在的薄弱环节 ,为进一步探讨植物的濒危原因和机制 ,以及制定合理的保护措施提供依据。