广东省珍稀濒危植物观赏特性综合评价

用AHP法对广东省103种珍稀濒危植物观赏特性综合应用价值进行评价,筛选出观赏特性综合应用价值高、较高、稍差、差的种类各24、52、24和3种。作者认为,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级种类可在园林绿化、城市森林建设中加以开发利用,Ⅲ级种类可在生态风景林、自然保护林中慎重应用,Ⅳ级种类观赏价值不高,不宜推广应用。       

极小种群植物四药门花在中山五桂山的种群分布

[目的]对极小种群植物四药门花野生种群在中山五桂山的分布现状与生境进行调查。[方法]运用实地调查法,对广东中山五桂山四药门花的种群分布进行了调查。[结果]中山五桂山的四药门花在水平方向的分布是不连续、不均匀的,分布范围狭窄;林下缺乏四药门花的幼苗,自然更新困难,种群呈衰退型;部分大树为砍伐后萌生的植株,原生境人为干扰严重,濒临灭绝。[结论]人为干扰以及四药门花自身的生物学和生态学特性是使其种群衰退的原因。为了更好地保护和利用四药门花资源,建议加强对四药门花的就地保护、迁地保护、宣传教育,并完善相关法律法规。     

LaCl3对楸树无性系试管苗生长的影响

将不同质量浓度的LaC l3加入楸树培养基中,研究LaC l3对楸树组培苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,稀土化合物LaC l3对楸树组培苗生长有显著效应,继代培养适量质量浓度可促进茎段愈伤组织膨大,促进增殖芽的生长,提高增殖系数,但对增殖分化芽的诱导有明显的抑制作用,整体趋势显示出低质量浓度促进,高质量浓度抑制,效果以20 mg.L-1左右为宜;生根培养适量质量浓度能促进单株发根数增多,促进根的伸长生长,提高生根率与移栽成活,低质量浓度抑制根系的发生、降低移栽成活率,高质量浓度提高生根率与移栽成活率,以80 mg.L-1效应显著;LaC l3能提高生根苗叶片叶绿素质量分数,且呈正相关,并可加速组培苗的光合作用,促进组培苗的生长;适量质量浓度的LaC l3能提高生根苗POD活性,增强组培苗抗逆性,以40 mg.L-1活性最高。     

稀土不同施用时期对培育烤烟健壮苗的影响研究

通过在烤烟苗期的不同时期喷施稀土,研究了稀土对培育烤烟健壮苗和烟草产量、质量的影响。试验结果表明:在小十字期喷施稀土时苗期的烟苗素质和生长势最优,但在猫耳期喷施稀土的烟株在大田的长势及经济性状表现最佳,产量2181.3 kg/hm2,比对照增产了7.74%;产值27528元/hm2,比对照增值了9.54%;上等烟比例21.86%,比对照增加了2.91个百分点。建议烤烟生产上以猫耳期喷施稀土为宜。     

长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区水文情势时空变化特征初步分析

为科学评价预测长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区水文情势变化特征,以长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区内的屏山、朱沱和寸滩3个水文站的实测逐日流量序列为基础,采用基于32个IHA指标的RVA方法,分析保护区水文情势的自然特征和不同历史时期的变化情况。并通过梯级水库联合调度运行模拟,研究金沙江下游梯级水库运行后保护区未来的水文情势变化。研究表明：上世纪80年代之前保护区的水文变化比较稳定;1990年后保护区水文情势变化有所增加;金沙江梯级水库运行后保护区屏山站的水文变化加剧,但朱沱和寸滩站的水文变化不大,显示保护区支流水量汇入显著减缓了水库调度对保护区中下游河段水文情势的影响。     

安徽省珍稀濒危植物资源调查及其保护(下)

通过调查和统计,发现安徽省已有55种植物被列为国家级珍稀濒危植物,其中,药用植物37种,观赏和用材植物18种。详细介绍了这些植物的科属、资源状况、分布地点、保护级别、使用价值,并提出了保护措施与建议。     

稀土钕(Ⅲ)对水稻线粒体酶活力的影响

采用不同浓度(0～60mg/L)的氯化钕(neodymium chloride)对水稻品种进行液体培养,获得线粒体。分析了水稻线粒体抗氧化保护酶及呼吸代谢酶和能量转换酶(COX、SOD、GSH-Px、Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase)活性的变化。结果表明:适当浓度(10～40mg/L)的氯化钕对酶的活力具有明显的诱导和促进作用;但当稀土氯化钕的浓度升高到40～60mg/L时则对酶活力开始产生钝化和抑制作用。分析认为,线粒体抗氧化保护酶及呼吸代谢酶和能量转换酶活性的升高和增强,表明稀土钕可能通过提高线粒体酶的活力,而具有清除含氧自由基和提高作物产品质量的作用。     

Epiphytic lichen diversity in old-growth and managed Picea abies stands in Alpine spruce forests

In the last decades, a large body of literature has grown to evaluate the impact of forest management on epiphytic lichens in boreal coniferous forests. However, information is still lacking on coniferous forests of the Alps. This study compares lichen diversity between spruce forest stands of four successional stages: (1) young, (2) intermediate, (3) mature forests managed for timber production with a rotation cycle of 120–180 years, and (4) old-growth protected forests. The emphasis was placed on the occurrence of nationally rare and calicioid species (lichens and fungi traditionally referred to as Caliciales, known to be indicative of forest age and continuity). For each forest successional stage, four plots were selected. In each plot, 7 spruce individuals were surveyed for epiphytic lichens according to a standardised sampling method. Species richness increased from young to mature stands, while no difference was detected between mature and old-growth stands. This pattern was also confirmed for rare and calicioid species which are, however, more frequent in old-growth stands. Differences in species composition were also found between the different forest successional stages. Mature and old-growth plots slightly overlap, indicating that to some extent comparable lichen assemblages could be found in these stands. A nested pattern of species assemblages was found, old-growth stands hosting most of the species which were also found in stands belonging to the previous forest successional stages. Our results support the hypothesis that the management regime applied to spruce forests of the Italian Alps renders mature stands managed for timber production somewhat similar to old-growth stands as lichen habitat. However, we found a higher complexity in old-growth forests, and many species of conservation concern clearly preferred old-growth stands. In this perspective, a further prolongation of the normal cycle it is likely to be a most favourable conservation-oriented management to be recommended at least within protected areas and Natura 2000 sites, where conservation purposes should receive a high priority.     

珍稀濒危植物内蒙野丁香的组织培养与植株再生

本文采用植物组织培养方法,探讨内蒙野丁香不同组织器官在离体培养条件下被诱导形成愈伤组织,及进一步分化形成再生植株的过程和条件,结果表明:不同外植体的诱导率是茎>叶>根。激素种类及其浓度是器官脱分化与植株再生的决定因素,诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS 2mg/L 6-BA 10mg/L IAA;芽分化诱导的最适培养基为MS 0.6mg/L 6-BA 5mg/L IAA;生根的最适培养基为MS 0.01mg/L NAA。     

汾河源头珍稀濒危植物研究

汾河源头珍稀濒危植物48种,隶属于21科37属,其中属国家二级保护的有1种、三级保护的有3种;山西省一级保护4种,二级保护6种,三级保护14种。文章在分析汾河源头珍稀植物濒危原因的基础上,提出了相应的保护对策。