环境、稀土和基因型对小麦花培绿苗分化的影响

研究了环境、稀土和基因型对小麦花药培养绿苗分化率的影响,结果表明,绿苗分化率受环境、稀土含量及基因型的显著影响。稀土含量为1.5 mg/L时,不同基因型的小麦绿苗分化率都达到较高的水平。     

稀土甘氨酸丁二酮肟配合物的研究

[目的]研究稀土甘氨酸丁二酮肟配合物的性质。[方法]合成3种稀土甘氨酸丁二酮肟配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱和热分析,研究配合物的组成和性质。[结果]稀土甘氨酸丁二酮肟配合物的通式为:RE(Gly)2(DMG)Cl3.3H2O,溶于无水乙醇和水,在乙醇溶液中属于1∶3电解质,氯离子全部处于配合物的外界。红外光谱说明稀土离子与DMG中羟基氧配位。紫外光谱中配合物的吸收峰红移和摩尔吸收系数增大。配合物在100℃左右产生微弱的脱水吸热峰,225~242℃产生配合物的骨架断裂吸热峰,415~492℃产生1或2个很强的氧化放热峰,热分解的最终产物为稀土氧化物。[结论]稀土甘氨酸丁二酮肟配合物具有相似的配位形式和结构类型。     

稀土元素对黄粉虫抗逆性的影响

用添加了稀土元素的饲料饲养黄粉虫幼虫,发现黄粉虫的一些重要的抗逆性发生明显的变化,幼虫抗高温能力和抗损伤能力均有显著提高,幼虫的抗低温能力和幼虫体内抗菌物质的活性有所提高.     

稀土元素对冬小麦主要生育期核酸及可溶性蛋白质含量影响的研究

本文研究了单一稀土元素化合物拌种后冬小麦主要生长发育期主要组织中 RNA 及可溶性蛋白质含量变化。结果表明,处理样品中 RNA 及可溶性蛋白质含量均比对照为高。说明稀土元素对冬小麦基因表达有一定促进作用,促进生长发育,并能增强抗逆性。     

稀土元素铈缓解镉对菱叶的毒害效应研究

利用不同浓度的Cd^2＋和不同浓度的Cd^2＋加5mgL^-1Ce^3＋分别处理菱植株，对菱叶中的叶绿素、脯氨酸、保护酶——超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的动态变化进行了研究：实验结果表明：在镉胁迫下，随着镉浓度的上升（0～4mgL^-1）菱叶中叶绿素含量下降，SOD、POD活性和脯氨酸含量在镉低浓度时上升而高浓度时下降，相反，CAT活性在镉低浓度时下降而高浓度时上升。与镉离子单一处理相比，Cd^2＋-Ce^3＋复合处理中的Ce^3＋可提高叶片中叶绿素的含量和SOD、POD的活性，尤其是在1mgL^-1 Cd^2＋加5mgL^-1Ce^3＋复合处理中，POD活性较对照提高了8．33倍。由此表明，5mgL^-1Ce^3＋对低浓度镉引起菱叶片的毒害作用有较为明显的缓解效果。     

Soil macrofaunal biodiversity in Amazonian pastures: Matching sampling with patterns

Soil biodiversity varies through space as influenced by habitat features and land-use history. The performance of any sampling strategy highly depends on its relevance with regards to this pattern. We surveyed the soil macrofaunal species richness in the pastures of the Benfica Field Station (Eastern Amazonia, State of Pará, Brazil) and described its variability in 4 independent replicate plots. We designed a within-plot sampling scheme that accounted for the soil spatial variation (stratified sampling). Replicated pasture plots had different species richness (49-65) corresponding to a low proportion (40-53%) of the total number of species (123). Pairs of replicated plots showed an outstandingly low number of shared species (28-41% of the species pool). Likewise, different classes of soil thickness, corresponding to a Ferralsol-Cambisol sequence, had different species richness (12-44) and exhibited a very low proportion of shared species (15-29%). The proportion of rare species, i.e. singletons, ranged from 40-51% of the total species richness depending on the plot considered. We used the abundance-based coverage estimator of species richness (ACE) and the Chao shared species estimator that provides a correction based on the relative abundance of rare species. These indices also showed both a high between plots dissimilarity and a substantial within plot variability of species composition. Because of the high proportion of rare species, the rarefaction curves failed to reach any asymptote in all replicated plots. Bootstrap resampling showed that less than 5 samples per stratum (class of soil thickness) provided inconsistent species richness values. We simulated the efficiency of sampling strategies that included our 4 replicate plots and the 3 classes of soil thickness but with varying sampling effort within each stratum. The results indicated that a fairly large (74%) proportion of species would be recorded if strata were sampled using 5 sampling units (hence 15 samples per plot for a total of 4×15=60 samples). This study showed the need for adequate plot replication in soil macrofaunal biodiversity studies. Also, the main relevant factors of within-replicate plot spatial heterogeneity (e.g. soil, vegetation) should be accounted for through stratified sampling. The results showed that there is no way of reducing the local sampling effort below a certain level (here, 5 sampling units per stratum).     

极端环境中分离放线菌的方法

研究极端环境(极冷极热,极酸极碱,高盐、高压、高辐射等)中的放线菌是放线菌研究的主要方向之一.由于所处环境的特殊性,这类放线菌具有特殊的生物学特性,必须采用高选择性的分离培养基和特殊的培养条件才能分离到.笔者就近10年来关于极端环境中稀有放线菌常用的分离方法做一概述.     

农用稀土的生态毒理学效应

稀土农用给中国农业带来巨大经济效益,但环境安全问题也随之产生。本研究从生态毒理学角度,综述了稀土对土壤微生物、植物、动物的影响,指出稀土可以改变土壤微生物的种群结构、种群数量及其土壤酶活性,影响植物的生长发育、生理生化过程及富集规律,并对动物生殖系统、肝脏、儿童智力及人体健康造成损害。稀土对生物的生态毒理作用,可以是稀土对生物的直接影响,也可以是食物链蓄积的间接效应,在稀土农用中应充分考虑其对环境与人体的影响。     

稀有植物矮杨梅种子繁殖试验

矮杨梅 (MyricananaCheval.)种子繁殖试验表明 :(1)当年收获种子基本无萌发能力 ;(2 )经低温 (4± 1℃ )层积或沙藏处理 8个月种子能萌发 ,前者发芽率低 (2 9.0 %) ,后者高 (6 7.5 %)。 (3) 6 0℃以上热水浸泡处理种子萌发率高 ;(4)种子在自然状态下不耐贮藏 ,经低温层积贮藏 2年的种子发芽率 (35 .4%)明显高于贮藏 3年种子 (8.2 %) ;(5 )矮杨梅是耐荫性植物 ,幼苗在遮荫条件下才能正常生长。     

Endemic species: Contribution to community uniqueness, effect of habitat alteration, and conservation priorities

The biodiversity crisis, particularly dramatic in freshwaters, has prompted further setting of global and regional conservation priorities. Species rarity and endemism are among the most fundamental criteria for establishing these priorities. We studied the patterns of rarity and the role of rare species in community uniqueness using data on freshwater bivalve molluscs (family Unionidae) in Texas. Due to the large size and gradients in landscape and climate, Texas has diverse and distinct unionid communities, including numerous regional and state endemic species. Analysis of the state-wide distribution and abundance of Unionidae allowed us to develop a non-arbitrary method to classify species rarity based on their range size and relative density. Of the 46 Unionidae species currently present in Texas, 65% were classified as rare and very rare, including all state and regional endemics. We found that endemic species were a critical component in defining the uniqueness of unionid communities. Almost all endemics were found exclusively in streams and rivers, where diversity was almost double that of lentic waters. Man’s ongoing alteration of lotic with lentic waterbodies favors common species, and dramatically reduces habitat for endemics, contributing to homogenization of unionid fauna. We identified hotspots of endemism, prioritized species in need of protection, estimated their population size, and recommended changes to their current conservation status.