新疆珍稀濒危植物野生樱桃李的研究进展

综合述评了野生樱桃李的形态与生理学、植物化学、生态学特征、遗传多样性、再生及优良品种选育、濒危原因等方面的研究现状。针对野生樱桃李资源的合理保护和可持续利用,提出了种群生存力分析、种质濒危原因及保护途径、种质资源保存及人工更新方法、生态适应的分子生物学及生境适宜性评价应成为野生樱桃李进一步研究的主要方向。     

珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林生长比较研究

为系统总结珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林技术,本试验对2种立地条件下的多树种混交林的生长情况进行了对比研究,结果表明：（1）珍贵树种多树种混交模式在立地条件较好的苗圃地生长相对较好,其中柚木（Tectonagrandis）的树高、胸径生长量均达到显著水平,降香黄檀（Dalbergiaodorifera）、观光木（Tsoongio?dendronodorum）以及红锥（Castanopsishystrix）则无显著差异,且林分总体材积蓄积量无显著差异,表明珍贵树种多树种混交模式在试验中两种立地条件下均能够表现出较好的适应性。（2）采用综合权重分析法评价树种的速生效果结果表明,以观光木速生效果较佳,按速生效果从高到低排序为：观光木＞柚木＞灰木莲（Man?glietiaglanca）＞红锥＞降香黄檀＞格木（Erythrophleumfordii）。     

稀土对茶树生殖生长的影响

在茶树花芽分化期和花蕾膨大现白期 ,叶面喷施硝酸稀土 ,观测茶树的花蕾生长动态及生长类内源激素 (IAA、GT和TZ)含量变化 ,结果表明 :在茶树新梢生长旺盛的 9月中旬以前 ,花蕾的累积生长量稀土处理的低于对照。稀土对茶树花蕾的形成并无明显影响。幼蕾及幼果中的内源激素含量也较低 ,而一芽二叶中的内源激素含量却较高 ,9月中旬以后 ,进入了秋末开花结实的旺盛期 ,稀土处理的花蕾中内源激素含量升高 ,但随着花蕾的成熟开放 ,内源激素含量又呈递减趋势 ,尤其是IAA含量急剧下降。这些结果表明 ,稀土并末打破茶树生长发育的节律 ,而是有助于促进IAA及GA等生长类内源激素向旺盛生长的组织和器官分布 ,从而促进它们的生长。文章还就稀土对茶树生长的作用及茶叶生产上的应用问题进行了讨论     

Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

南京市森林特点与环市自然保护区网的建设

在分析研究了南京市的自然环境、植物区系与森林类型特点的基础上提出了建设南京市环市森林公园型自然保护区网的建议，讨论了各保护区的保护内容、保护价值与建设构想。     

稀土抗坏血酸络合物的各级稳定常数的测定

本文用ｐＨ滴定法测定了Ｌａ３＋、Ｎｄ３＋、Ｅｕ３＋、Ｇｄ３＋、Ｄｙ３＋、Ｈｏ３＋、Ｔｍ３＋一抗坏血酸络合物的各级稳定常数。同时讨论了生物学效应。     

Life on the edge - High levels of genetic diversity in a cliff population of Bertya ingramii are attributed to B. rosmarinifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Wind-facilitated migration of new genotypes into small, geographically disjunct populations should buffer them against local extinction. Bertya ingramii, a monoecious, wind-pollinated shrub, is restricted to three populations in a 4 km² area in eastern Australia. Populations are separated by deeply dissected gorges where it is unlikely that seeds are exchanged but where wind movement may facilitate pollen dispersal. Using 156 highly polymorphic ISSR markers, we found moderate genetic variation within and among populations of B. ingramii and less genetic diversity in a nearby and small population of the widespread Bertya rosmarinifolia. The smallest population of B. ingramii (<30 plants) had the highest genetic variation (65% polymorphic markers, Shannon Information Index = 0.30). AMOVA and a Bayesian analysis showed that molecular variance was equally distributed within and among populations suggesting that gene flow is as limited within as in among populations. Genetic distances between populations were only weakly explained by their relative geographic distances (mantel test, R² = 0.21, P = 0.001) but the distribution of private bands, the departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and a UPGMA tree showed that the smallest population of B. ingramii was generally more similar to an upstream population of B. rosmarinifolia. Thirty-eight percent of bands in this small population of B. ingramii were exclusively shared with B. rosmarinifolia. This covert hybridisation may have been an ancient event but may be responsible for contemporary declines in germination and establishment in B. ingramii. The conservation implications are amplified by the endangered status of B. ingramii.     

Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece

Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed.     

神农架地区珍衡植物沿河岸带的分布格局

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m×100m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200–1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection. Foundation item: This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970123), and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station, Chinese Acadamy of Science. Biography: JIANG Ming-xi (1965-), male, associate professor in Wuhan Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Study on the Acute Toxicity of Rare Earth Yttrium to Earthworms under the Stress of Leaching Agent Ammonium Sulfate

[目的]考察浸矿剂硫酸铵（NH4）2SO4胁迫下稀土离子钇的毒性研究。[方法]选择蚯蚓作为土壤生态环境污染指示生物,采用滤纸接触法研究硫酸铵胁迫下稀土钇（ Y）对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应。[结果]①稀土钇单一染毒,蚯蚓的48 h 半致死率浓度为 LC50=213.41 mg/L、24 h半致死率浓度为 LC50=322.63 mg/L。②硫酸铵单一染毒下,蚯蚓的48 h半致死率浓度为 LC50=13.89 g/L、24 h半致死率浓度为LC50=15.05 g/L。③低浓度10 g/L的硫酸铵与稀土钇复合染毒,蚯蚓的48 h半致死率浓度LC50=198.65 g/L、24 h 半致死率浓度 LC50=399.85 g/L;中浓度14 g/L的硫酸铵与稀土钇复合染毒,蚯蚓的48 h半致死率浓度 LC50=167.3 mg/L、24 h半致死率浓度 LC50=256.73 mg/L;高浓度20 g/L的硫酸铵与稀土钇复合染毒,蚯蚓的48 h半致死率浓度 LC50=31.03 mg/L、24 h的LC50=127.65 mg/L。[结论]低浓度的硫酸铵降低稀土钇对蚯蚓的毒性,产生一定的拮抗作用。中浓度的硫酸铵增加稀土钇对蚯蚓的毒性,产生较明显的协同作用。高浓度硫酸铵显著增加了稀土钇对蚯蚓的毒性。稀土钇染毒下蚯蚓死体更易断裂,而活体对针刺反应相对不灵敏。