Influence of Day Length on Stem Growth,Flowering, Morphology of Flower Clusters,and Seed-Set in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Abstract

The effects of day length on main stem growth, flowering, morphology of flower clusters and seed-set were examined in three buckwheat cultivars Shinanonatsusoba (summer eco-type), Miyazakizairai (autumn eco-type) and BLO 1999 (a long cluster line which usually develops DM clusters at Kade Research Ltd., Canada). Long-day treatment prolonged the stem elongation period, elevated the first flowering node, delayed the first flowering day, increased the numbers of nodes, flower clusters and flowers on the main stem, and decreased the increase rate of flowering-cluster number, the number of seeds and the seed-set ratio on the main stem. It also increased the frequency of DM clusters, the length of the flower clusters and the number of sub-flower-clusters per cluster in Shinanonatsusoba and Miyazakizairai as well as in BLO 1999. The effects of day length varied among the growth parameters and there were three types of responses to day length. The difference between the summer and autumn eco-type cultivars in the responses to day length was elucidated in four groups of parameters; (1) main stem elongation; (2) first flowering node and first flowering day; (3) increase rate of flowering-cluster number on the main stem; and (4) the number of seeds and seed-set ratio.     

红地球葡萄主要栽培特性研究

红地球（Ｒｅｄｇｌｏｂｅ）葡萄，系欧亚杂交种，原产于美国加利福尼亚州，是加州的传统栽培品种［１］。该品种在原产地表现为果实粉红色，果穗平均重４５０ｇ，单粒重１５～１８ｇ，果肉脆硬，汁少味甜，可溶性固形物在１７％以上。由于其品质优良，成为风靡世界的著名...     

A2199中心区域成员星系的光度函数

得到了邻近富星系团A2199中心区域一个Abell半径范围内的312颗成员星系在B、V、R三个波段的光度函数,并且分别用Schechter函数和Gaussian函数及其组合进行了拟合。将所得到的光度函数与其它星系团以及场星系的光度函数进行了比较,发现与以前研究的星系团的光度函数并不一致,而与场星系的光度函数不存在明显差别。     

Contributions to the Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interactions: Theoretical Results of the Application and Comparison of Clustering Techniques for the Stratification of Field Test Sites

For an analysis of cross-classified data sets with rows = genotypes and columns = environments (locations and/or years), existing genotype × environment interactions are of major importance. Differential responses of genotypes (environments) across environments (genotypes) are expressed by these effects. To reduce the impact of these genotype × environment interaction effects, one commonly stratifies genotypes or environments by cluster analysis techniques into homogeneous groups so that interactions within groups are minimized. The present paper presents a comprehensive overview of the numerous procedures for stratification of genotypes or environments by cluster analysis which have been proposed in the literature. In these studies, two different concepts of interaction have been used: the crossover concept of interaction [different rank orders of genotypes (environments) within environments (genotypes)] or the usual statistical concept of interaction (deviations from additivity of main effects in the linear model). For a quantitative characterization of cluster techniques and for a comparison of two different clustering procedures, two parameters are introduced and discussed: measure of resemblance for two classifications and cluster size for one classification.     

安徽籼稻地方品种资源的聚类分析

31个安徽籼稻地方品种(Oryza sativa L.Subsp.indica)选作为试验材料.应用多元统计分析方法对各品种间主要数量性状的遗传距离进行测定,并对安徽地方品种作了系统分类.结果指出,尽管各品种的地理环境不同,品种间的遗传差异仍然存在.根据遗传距离将这些品种划成6个不同类群.这一研究将在水稻育种和安徽水稻地方品种资源改良中起指导性的作用.     

农商经济解析——以安徽太和县为例

安徽省太和县农商经济的发展有20~30年的历史,现在已经具有相当的规模,拥有农商30万~40万人,其中一些产业已形成集群,在全国同行业中具有重要的地位。太和县利用第三产业带动一、二产业的发展,在县域经济的发展中独具特色,被称为农村经济发展的“第三条道路”。对太和县经济发展的现状、农商经济的形成和所具有的特征进行逐一的分析,旨在讨论农商经济存在的可行性和对于中国其他县域经济发展的借鉴意义。     

辣椒过氧化物酶同工酶研究及模糊聚类分析

以辣椒属(Capsicum)的7个种(包括4个变种、3个类型)计172个品种为试材,于成株期取功能叶片进行制样分析,得出过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶的基本酶谱为12条酶带,并将172份材料中各个种、类型出现的过氧化物酶同工酶表型频率用模糊聚类分析(fuzzy clusber analysis)方法进行动态聚类.结果表明,C.annuum的两个变种关系极近;C.baccatum的两个变种关系也很近; C.chi-nense与C.frutescens关系较近,这两个种及C.praetermissum与C.annuum关系亦较近,而C.annuum与C.baccatum、eximium C.chacoense关系则较远.从而得出,普通栽培辣椒,首先应该利用其野生种C.annuum var.annuum的有用基因,其次是C.frutescens、C.chinense及C.praetermissum,最后才应当考虑利用C.eximium、C.baccatum及C.chacoense的有用基因.据此对辣椒属的起源、分类及上述种质材料在育种上的应用问题进行了讨论.     

Detection of repeated genotypes among 93 diploid wheat accessions

Summary An objective procedure was developed to find and eliminate repeated genotypes from a set of crop cultivars or accessions which may be used as parents for future plant breeding programs. Nonhierarchical, nonexclusive, exhaustive cluster analysis was used to group 93 diploid wheat accessions using LSD multiple comparisons of accession means based on data measured on seven characters. Beginning with the rarest accessions, i.e. those represented in the fewest clusters resulting from the clusters analysis, a minimum number of the accessions were chosen to represent the phenotypes of all 93 of the accessions. Two analyses were performed, one using data from an irrigated trial, the other from a dryland trial. The dryland trial data was more discriminating in that it required 71 accessions to represent all of the clusters generated from the original 93 accessions while the irrigated trial data required only 60 of the 93 accessions. In addition to the 71 accessions chosen from the dryland trial analysis, the irrigated trial analysis suggested an additional 12 accessions were phenotypically and, therefore, genotypically unique. The total of 83 unique accessions left 10 phenotypically duplicate accessions to be eliminated from the set of potential parents. Four of the 10 duplicated accessions were rare in that they were represented in very few clusters in either the irrigated trial analysis or in the dryland trial analysis. Because their phenotypes were not unique in spite of being rare, we believe such accessions were duplicated genotypically as well as phenotypically. The other six duplicates were common in that they were represented in a large number of clusters. Such accessions may not prove to be duplicates if grown in additional environments (trials), or if measured on additional characters.     

Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale

Summary Gains in yield and stability were analysed using grain yield data from the 8th to the 14th International Triticale Yield Nursery (ITYN) and differences in adaptation between complete and substituted triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack) were examined. A trend of improving yield and adaptation was observed. As highly significant genotype × site interaction each year was not adequately described using regression analysis, yield stability was examined by ranking genotypes within sites and summarizing scores for individual genotypes across sites. Cluster analysis was used to study the relationships among sites and among genotypes. There was little evidence of sites grouping on a geographical basis. Grouping of genotypes showed a tendency for complete and substituted triticales to perform differently, suggesting that diversity for adaptation is maximized by utilizing both types in breeding.Progress for grain yield is compared with more spectacular gains in test weight and reasons for the different rates of improvement are postulated.Abbreviations CIMMYT International Maize & Wheat Improvement Centre - ITYN International Triticale Yield Nursery contribution from CIMMYT/Agriculture Canada (No. R-002)