14份玉米自交系配合力分析及利用

以近年选育的14份玉米自交系为被测系,采用NCⅡ交配设计的原理和方法,研究了10个性状的配合力及其群体遗传参数.结果表明:被测系各性状的一般配合力方差均达极显著水平.红系305、红系302和红系314的综合性状较好,可在育种中直接利用;红系303和红系308综合性状较差,需改良后利用;其余自交系部分性状的一般配合力较好,可用来改良其它自交系或作为选育二环系的基础材料.红系309×红玉米等5个杂交组合具有较强的杂种优势,有一定的增产潜力.     

野生稻转育后代对褐飞虱抗性的研究

对１０７份栽培稻／野生稻高世代品系及８６个药用野生稻栽培稻回交Ｆ１再生苗进行了苗期抗褐飞虱鉴定,对６４个品系进行了孕穗期抗性鉴定,并初步了野生稻转育后代的苗期拒虫性及孕穗期抗生性等。结果表明,野生稻抗虫基因已导入某些杂交品系Ｂ５,Ｂ２,Ｂ３,Ｂ６,Ｂ１０,Ｂ１１,Ｂ１２,Ｂ１３,Ｂ１４,Ｂ１５,Ｂ７,Ｂ８在苗期表现高抗,在孕穗期表现中抗,抗性水平比对照抗性品种ＩＲ３６高;Ｂ２Ｆ３－５２,Ｂ２Ｆ３－     

山东省玉米生产品种和部分自交系对纹枯病抗性鉴定

连续两年对山东省72份玉米生产品种和30份自交系材料在田间进行纹枯病抗性鉴定,采用被病原菌侵染的高粱粒作为接种物,在玉米拔节中后期接种,按照国家玉米区域试验抗性鉴定标准进行病害分级评定和抗性评价。在102份材料中抗性级别为高抗、抗、中抗、感、高感的比例分别为1.96%、20.59%、24.51%、33.33%、19.61%,生产品种‘登海3号’和‘聊玉22号’对纹枯病表现高抗。     

Presence of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Cattle Tick Boophilus microplus and in Epithelial Tissue Culture Cells of Chironomus tentans

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has been demonstrated and partially characterized in larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Its properties are compared with mAChR from an epithelial cell line from the dipteran insect Chironomus tentans. Competition studies with cholinergic ligands of different specificity revealed the muscarinic nature of the cholinergic receptors investigated in both species. In homogenates from tick larvae, specific binding sites for [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) with high affinity (1·2±(0·13) nM ; B_max 22·5 pmol mg protein⁻¹) were detected that do not bind nicotinic compounds specifically. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, imidacloprid and α-bungarotoxin were all in the mM range. Additionally, with tick larvae, high-affinity nicotinic binding sites were detected with [³H]nicotine which could be displaced by high concentrations of imidacloprid or QNB. The estimated IC₅₀ values for nicotine, α-bungarotoxin, imidacloprid and QNB were 43(±8) nM , 0·8(±0·2) μM , 2·8(±0·6) μM and 78(±1·9) μM , respectively. With homogenates of the non-neuronal insect cell line from C. tentans, only high-affinity binding sites for [³H]QNB were found. Muscarinic antagonists selectively displaced [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to tick larvae homogenates. The mAChR of B. microplus preferred pirenzepine (IC₅₀ 2·13(±1·02) μM ) among different subtype-specific mAChR antagonists (4-DAMP had IC₅₀ 49·9(±9·13) μM and methoctramine had IC₅₀ 121(±14·2) μM ) indicating a type of binding site similar to the vertebrate M1 mAChR subtype. The tick muscarinic receptor seems to be a G-protein-coupled receptor, as concluded from the 4·8-fold reduction in receptor affinity for binding of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M upon treatment with the non-hydrolysable GTP-analogue γ-S-GTP. Binding data for the agonists oxotremorine M (IC₅₀ 71·3(±19·6) μM ) and carbachol (IC₅₀ 253(±87·1) μM ) parallel the biological efficacy of these compounds, in that, while oxotremorine M showed some activity against ticks, carbachol was ineffective.     

利用菜青虫细胞检测几种有机溶剂和有机磷农药的毒力

用MTT法研究了5种有机溶剂对菜青虫细胞生长的影响及3种有机磷农药对细胞的毒力。并用微量点滴法测定了3种农药对菜青虫3龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明,5种有机溶剂除二甲苯外,其余4种二甲亚砜、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯对菜青虫细胞低浓度处理时均无很大毒性。1％浓度处理16小时后细胞存活率仍分别可达99.8％、98％、97.2％、91％。分别用菜青虫细胞测得3种有机磷农药的LC_(50)为:甲基对硫磷,106μs/ml;克线磷,147μg/ml;水胺硫磷,183μg/ml。用微量点滴法测得3种有机磷农药对菜青虫3龄幼虫的LD_(50)分别为:甲基对硫磷,0.458μg/头,克线磷,45.012μg/头;水胺硫磷,0.505μg/头。     

玉米自交系灰斑病抗性配合力及遗传分析

[目的]分析CML系列玉米自交系的灰斑病抗性配合力并进行遗传参数估计,为进一步选育抗灰斑病玉米新品种提供参考.[方法]以6份CML系列玉米自交系(CML373、CML390、CML442、CML488、CML489和CML204)为材料,按Griffing双列杂交试验设计方法Ⅳ组配15个杂交组合,对玉米自交系及其配置的杂交组合的灰斑病抗性进行配合力分析.[结果]6份玉米自交系一般配合力(GCA)效应差异极显著(P<0.01,下同),自交系CML373和CML390的GCA效应为负向效应,以CML390的负向效应最大;CMLA42、CML488、CML489和CML204的GCA效应为正向效应,CML204的正向效应最大.15个杂交组合特殊配合力(SCA)效应差异极显著,组合CML373×CML204的SCA负向效应最大,组合CML442×CML204的SCA正向效应最大.玉米灰斑病抗性遗传加性方差为3.63,显性方差为0.21,广义遗传力为93.74%,狭义遗传力为88.52%.[结论]CML390组配的各组合抗性表现及SCA效应均较优.玉米灰斑病的抗性遗传以加性效应为主,同时存在一定的非加性效应,性状表现受环境影响较明显.     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.     

区域粮食供需平衡及安全态势研究--以陕西省为例

以1983~2002年陕西省粮食生产统计数据为依据,利用Cobb—D oug lass生产函数,在SPSS软件环境中,构建粮食单产非线性回归模型,并结合粮食需求层次结构模型,对陕西省粮食供需能力做出中长期预测。在模拟粮食生产波动趋势的基础上,提出了粮食安全线的衡量标准,并对陕西省粮食安全态势予以评价。结果表明:陕西省粮食供需基本平衡,但近年来安全态势有所下降;粮食最低播种面积安全线应控制在230万hm2左右;农户存粮处于极不安全态势;粮食库存安全线应为69万t左右。     

应用RT-PCR方法检测水稻植株和介体昆虫体内的水稻齿叶矮缩病毒

 将生物学接种和RT-PCR检测水稻植株体内的水稻齿叶矮缩病毒的方法进行了比较,发现结果基本趋于一致,但总体上RT-PCR检测阳性率稍高于生物学接种的发病率。将生物学接种检测褐飞虱介体内水稻齿叶矮缩病毒方法与RT-PCR检测方法进行比较分析,发现RT-PCR方法可以检测单头褐飞虱体内的水稻齿叶矮缩病毒,具有很高的准确性和灵敏度。     

小麦白粉病菌闭囊壳萌发及其对三唑酮敏感基线的建立

在没有甾醇脱甲基抑制剂 (DMI)类药剂用药历史的湖北利川山区麦田采集小麦白粉病菌闭囊壳 ,带回室内萌发 ,从每样本单孢子堆中分离得到61个野生菌株。采用叶段法测得每个菌株的EC₅₀,建立起小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的相对敏感基线EC₅₀=(0.1090±0.0048)μg/ml。