Expression Comparisons of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) Genes in Wheat in Response to Infection/Infestation by Fusarium,Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) Aphid-Transmitted and Hessian Fly

Expression profiles of ten pathogenesis-related (PR) genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly (Hf) were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene(s) essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat-Fusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PR12 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein (LTP), respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.     

应用RT—PCR技术快速检测马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒

根据马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物．以感染PSTVd的马铃薯试管苗为材料,提取其总RNA,获得纯度较高、完整性较好的总RNA．以此总RNA为模板,进行cDNA合成及PCR扩增,从感病组织中扩增得到一段约为359bp的特异RNA扩增产物,与理论设计大小一致,而健康组织无此扩增产物．     

Use of Degenerate Primers in a RT-PCR Assay for the Identification and Analysis of Some Filamentous Viruses, with Special Reference to Clostero- and Vitiviruses of the Grapevine

RT-PCR with degenerate primers was used for the screening of the genome of some members of the Closterovirus, Vitivirus and Trichovirus genera. Two sets of primers, targeted to conserved sequences of the heat shock protein 70 homologue of closteroviruses or to the RNA dependent RNA polymerase genes of tricho- and vitiviruses, amplified the expected fragments from total RNA extracts or double-stranded RNAs of infected plants. Amplified cDNAs were cloned, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Results support the allocation of grapevine viruses A, B, D and heracleum latent virus (HLV) in the genus Vitivirus, whereas, the detection of a HSP70 homologue in grapevine leafroll-associated viruses agrees with their assignment in the genus Closterovirus. The use of degenerate primers for the identification of grapevine viruses belonging to Vitivirus and Closterovirus genera is envisaged.     

贵州蔗区甘蔗黄叶病发生情况的分子鉴定

为明确甘蔗黄叶病在贵州各蔗区的发生情况,对贵州甘蔗生产主产区的23个甘蔗疑似感病植株进行了甘蔗黄叶病的分子检测。结果表明:8个甘蔗生产区中6个蔗区检测到甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV),样本阳性检测率为47.8%。结论:甘蔗黄叶病在贵州多个蔗区均有发生,不同品种间的感病情况存在差异,生产上需根据实际情况采取相应的防治措施。     

臭椿病毒病病原鉴定

臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)属苦木科(Sima-roubaceae)落叶乔木,为我国常用中草药;以根皮入药,具有消炎、杀菌、杀虫、抗肿瘤及抗病毒等作用;亦可用在建筑、能源、环保和造纸等方面,具有广阔的开发和应用前景。已有研究表明,引起臭椿花叶症状的病毒病原主要     

基于多重RT-PCR技术检测新疆甜瓜主栽区3种病毒病及其分布

采用同源克隆的方法,从新疆感染病毒病的甜瓜中克隆获得WMV、CMV、ZYMV 3种病毒CP蛋白基因的部分片段。并基于单重RT-PCR扩增条件,采用单因素分析法,优化所获得多重RT-PCR的反应体系,利用多重PT-PCR体系对48份供试样品检测。结果表明,多重RT-PCR的检测结果与单重RT-PCR结果一致,说明构建的多重RT-PCR体系具有一定准确性和稳定性,可以用于WMV、CMV、ZYMV 3种病毒的快速检测、病源鉴定、阳性筛选等研究。通过分析甜瓜主要种植区病毒病的多重RT-PCR检测结果,初步得出新疆甜瓜主栽区3种病毒的分布现状与侵染形式,从而为病毒病的防治工作提供依据,以期对新疆瓜果生产中病毒防治,田间检测,流行病学调查以及抗病毒病甜瓜育种等研究提供相应的理论基础与依据。     

苹果茎沟病毒的RT-PCR检测及其在我国苹果产区的分布

为开发苹果茎沟病毒(Apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)田间样本RT-PCR检测方法以及揭示我国AS-GV的发生情况,本研究以染病的苹果组培苗为试材,对ASGV RT-PCR检测方法进行了优化并利用优化的检测体系对我国苹果产区ASGV的发生情况进行了检测。结果表明:引物ASGVS特异性最好,优化的RT-PCR检测体系能够在4,7和11月份检测果树树皮组织的带毒情况,灵敏度达到能够检测2.5×10-2μg新鲜样本,适于苹果ASGV田间样本检测。通过对我国苹果产区ASGV的检测发现,被检测的13个省(市/区)苹果上几乎都有ASGV发生,只有甘肃省泾川样本未检测到该病毒,采集的327个样本带毒率达73.7%。     

山羊骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养

旨在对山羊的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)进行分离培养。将分离得到的BMSCs进行传代培养,采用RT-PCR法检测其干细胞转录因子oct4和sox2基因,以验证其干细胞特性;在此基础上绘制BMSCs的生长曲线,对其生物学特性进行直观了解。结果表明,分离到的山羊BMSCs原代细胞呈现出成纤维样,并能够表达oct4和sox2基因,证明了其干细胞特性;其生长曲线呈"S"型,在1~2 d时为潜伏期,第3天时进入指数生长期,第7天时进入平台期。结果提示,分离得到的细胞具有BMSCs的特性,能够用于后续的相关试验研究。