小麦特异种质资源的创新研究

本文报导了作者近10年来在合成小黑麦、小簇麦、四倍体小麦新种和培育小麦核质杂种方面的研究。其中,小麦与非洲黑麦、小麦与四倍体多年生簇毛麦的多倍体及节节麦—乌拉尔图小麦双二倍体系世界上首次合成。文中还讨论了所创造的种质资源的利用问题。     

关于奶牛发情周期及围产期体温变化规律的研究

选择22头健康、发情正常的黑白花奶牛;17头发育成熟处于围产期的健康奶牛,对发情周期及围产期体温变化规律作了初步的研究发现:发情时奶牛直肠温度(RT)与发情前后RT相比升高0.52±0.26℃(P<0.01),排卯时RT比分娩后高0.59±0.17℃(P<0.01),分娩前12h体温开始急剧下降。整个分娩过程的RT平均低于空怀温度。     

呋喃丹拌种对夏大豆生育影响的研究

自1986年开始,作者在淮北对夏大豆进行了呋喃丹拌种的试验研究。结果表明,呋喃丹拌种可加快大豆发芽出苗速度,刺激植株生长,尤其是在干旱年份,能明显地增加出苗率和增强抗旱力。     

柏木(Cupressus funebris Endl.)木材生长与材质变异关系的研究

采用树干解析,生长锥取样测试、回归分析方法研究了柏木木材生长和材质变异的关系。结果表明柏木木材速生期持续50年以上,初始形成心材的年龄为13—16年,木材最大密度出现在20—25年间。人工林较同龄级天然林分蓄积高11.7％,速生期提早5—10年,最大密度提早5年。心材量与年龄间呈显著线性相关(r=0.9464),其色泽多型现象被认为是与木材内含物氧化过程有关,而后者受制于年龄和生命活力。     

LAMP法在水产动物病原快速检测中的应用

近年来,一种新的恒温核酸扩增方法LAMP法(loop-mediated isothermal amplification),即环介导等温扩增法已经被开发利用。它采用能特异识别靶序列上6个位点的4条引物及一种具有链置换活性的DNA聚合酶(Bst DNA polymerase),在恒温条件(60~65℃),不到1h的时间里进行核酸扩增,其扩增效率可达到109~1010个数量级,具有特异性强、等温灵敏、操作简单、产物易检测等优点。LAMP法已经被用来快速检测水产动物病原(细菌、病毒、寄生虫)。文章就LAMP法的反应原理、引物设计及其在水产动物病原快速检测中的应用等做简要的综述。     

动物胚胎性别鉴定技术的研究进展

动物的性别控制(sex control)技术是通过对动物的正常生殖过程进行人为干预,使成年雌性动物产出人们期望性别后代的一门生物技术。动物胚胎性别鉴定技术则是性别控制技术里最接近实用的一大方法。本文综述了胚胎性别鉴定技术的研究进展,阐述了各技术的基本原理和研究概况以及存在的问题。     

Detection of koi herpesvirus in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel method that amplifies DNA with high specificity and rapidity under isothermal conditions. In this study, using the LAMP method, a protocol for koi herpes virus (KHV) detection in common carp was designed. A set of four primers, two inner and two outer, were designed based on the sequence of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of KHV. Time and temperature conditions for detection of KHV were optimized for 60 min at 65 degrees C. The detection limit using LAMP was found to be similar to that by polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we have developed a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic procedure for detection of KHV infection in common carp.     

Real-time RT-PCR detection of betanodavirus in naturally and experimentally infected fish from Spain

Infections with betanodavirus affect a wide range of wild and farmed fish species throughout the world, mostly from the marine environment. The aim of this work was to develop and validate real-time RT-PCR assays for sensitive and specific detection of nodavirus in diseased or carrier fish. The new detection assay was used to study the transmission and development of nodavirus infection in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), challenged by different routes, and also to screen for nodavirus in various farmed fish species. On average, the sensitivity was 10-100 times higher than a standard RT-PCR, and the assay was able to detect asymptomatic carrier fish that otherwise could have been classified as free of infection. Clinical signs of nodavirus infection were reproduced in fish infected following bath exposure or intramuscular injection, demonstrating horizontal transmission of the disease. Nodavirus was always detected in the brain of diseased fish but also in many recovered fish. The new assay enables us to confirm the presence of the virus at an early phase in the production cycle and may represent a useful tool to prevent or slow down the spread of nodavirus to new locations.     

山东省主要土壤对不同形态氮素吸持能力的研究

通过对１７个土壤样品的吸附试验和２个土壤样品的淋失试验,研究了山东省主要土壤对铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮（尿素）的吸持能力。结果表明,供试土壤对铵态氮的吸附符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ、Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ、Ｔｅｍｋｉｎ方程,最大吸附量为４２９７４～１７５４３９μｇ／ｇ土,其中褐土＞棕壤＞潮土;吸附量主要受粘粒含量的影响;供试土壤对硝态氮基本不吸附。在试验范围内,氮素在土壤中主要以硝态氮流失,酰胺态氮也有一定程度流失,其数量受土壤质地和施肥量的影响,铵态氮几乎无流失现象。     

水貂生长激素受体cDNA克隆与序列分析

根据已报道的物种GHR基因cDNA序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术从水貂肝脏组织总RNA中扩增出GHR基因的cDNA序列,并进行序列分析。结果表明,RT-PCR扩增出的cDNA片段为826bp,利用邻接法构建了分子系统进化树。