一种制备(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇的新方法

在催化剂过氧磷钨酸十二烷基吡啶盐(Cat-PW4)的作用下,α-蒎烯与H2O2反应生成主要产物(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇。不同反应条件对反应转化率和选择性的实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:12.8 mmolα-蒎烯、5 m L溶剂三氯甲烷、0.2 g催化剂、3.3 m L 30%H2O2,反应温度40℃,反应时间3 h,α-蒎烯转化率和产物的选择性分别为94.7%和39.8%。反应结束后,该产物存在于水相和有机相中,通过萃取和重结晶分离提纯,得率11%,纯度达到98%;其分子结构通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、1H核磁共振谱、13C核磁共振谱、低分辨率质谱及高分辨率质谱确证。     

苹果酸、草酸对铅镉胁迫下刺槐生长与离子富集特性的影响

为了探索铅镉胁迫下苹果酸、草酸对刺槐生长与离子富集特性的影响,本试验以刺槐植株为研究对象,在600mg/kg铅、20mg/kg镉污染土壤中添加不同浓度的苹果酸、草酸,测定刺槐生长量、铅镉含量和离子转移特性等指标。试验结果表明,苹果酸和草酸对铅镉胁迫下刺槐植株生长有一定程度的抑制作用,但差异不显著;两者促进刺槐根部的铅、镉离子富集,但降低了铅、镉离子的转运率,其中8.0mmol/kg草酸的铅富集促进效益最显著。因此,8.0mmol/kg草酸可作为一种外源调控手段应用于刺槐修复铅镉污染土壤的实践中。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术建立IGF2R基因修饰PK-15细胞

作为我国特色的地方种质资源,藏猪对高海拔、低氧、强紫外线辐射等恶劣环境具有良好的适应性,前期研究发现藏猪的IGF2R（insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor,IGF2R）基因在其内含子上有1段274 bp的缺失,且该缺失为藏猪独有的变异,关于IGF2R是否参与藏猪对低氧等恶劣环境的适应性调节的相关研究尚未报道。为了建立IGF2R基因274 bp修饰的猪细胞系,研究IGF2R基因对藏猪低氧耐受特性的影响,通过CRISPR/Cas9技术建立基因修饰PK-15细胞系,并通过PCR、实时荧光定量PCR（real time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR）、蛋白免疫印迹（Western-blot）、免疫荧光（immunofluorescence,IF）等方法鉴定其分子特征,随后分别利用CCK-8和RT-qPCR 、Western-blot对基因修饰细胞进行活力和凋亡基因检测。结果显示,已成功构建IGF2R基因274 bp修饰的猪细胞系,IGF2R基因表达量极显著下调（P < 0.01）。基因修饰细胞活力在72 h时极显著上升（P < 0.01）,并且含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶9 （cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase9）和BCL-2关联 X （BCL2-associated X,BAX） 蛋白的水平显著下调（P < 0.05）,并且B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,BCL2）基因的mRNA水平极显著上升（P < 0.01）。成功构建了IGF2R基因精确修饰的PK-15细胞系,并初步进行了功能研究,为研究IGF2R基因功能提供细胞模型,并为后续基因编辑猪的制备奠定基础。     

Cloning and sequence analysis of nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants

Myeloblastosis(MYB) is one of the largest transcribed factor families in plants. To gain an overall picture of the evolution of MYB genes in relict plants, we cloned nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants(Taxodium distichum, Taxodium ascendens, Cryptomeria japonica var. Sinensis, Cryptomeria japonica cv. Araucarioides, Cryptomer Japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Taiwania cryptomerioides and Glyptostrobus pensilis). The deduced amino acid sequences for MYBs showed that the nine MYB proteins contained two DNA binding domains. The first domain is from amino acid position 29 to 78, wherein three tryptophanes at 33, 53 and 73 were separated by 19 amino acids, respectively. The second domain is from amino acid position 82 to 127, wherein three tryptophanes at 86, 105 and 124 were separated by 18 amino acids, respectively, whereas the first tryptophane at amino acid position 86 is replaced by a phenylalanine. The characterization of these conserved domains at nine MYBs indicated that they all belong to the R2R3-MYB group. The secondary structure analysis showed that α-helix and β-turn are the major motifs of the predicted secondary structure of MYBs. The three dimensional model of each MYB protein showed that the structure is like clip, making it more flexible and mobile. The similarities between the nine MYB proteins in Taxodiaceae were calculated. The highest identical value of 99% is between CjsMYB, CjMYB and CjaMYB, whereas the lowest value of 82% is between TaMYB and ClMYB. According to the phylogenetic tree, the distances between different genera were relatively large whereas those within genera were relatively small. As expected, accessions of the same genus formed a subgroup before being grouped with other genera.     

定性PCR方法检测转基因玉米MON810转化事件的研究

转基因玉米MON810(Yield Gard R)是孟山都公司通过DNA重组技术和微注射轰击研发的一种具有对欧洲玉米螟(ECB;Ostrinia nublialis)有特殊抗性的转基因玉米品系,目前在世界各地已经得到广泛种植,为加强对该品系玉米的安全管理,本研究旨在建立MON810品系玉米的转化事件特异性定性PCR检测方法。根据MON810的插入序列信息,在3′端的侧翼序列处设计定性PCR检测的引物,检测MON810在其他几种常见转基因作物混合样品的特异性。结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性。同时检测该引物系统的扩增灵敏度,结果表明,检测引物的灵敏度可达0.1%。建立的MON810特异定性PCR检测方法经全国7家实验室的验证,进一步证实该方法能够特异地检测出样品中的MON810转化事件,检测方法的灵敏度可达0.1%,且检测结果具有良好的可重复性和可重现性。MON810转化事件定性PCR检测方法的建立可满足于抗虫转基因玉米MON810及其衍生品种生物安全管理的需要。     

四川小麦品种高、低分子量麦谷蛋白基因和1B/1R易位的分子标记鉴定

为给四川小麦品质育种提供参考信息,利用7个HMW-GS、17个LMW-GS和1个1B/1R易位的特异分子标记,对105份2000年后育成的四川小麦品种进行上述基因检测。结果表明:(1)针对HMWGS,在Glu-A1位点,含Ax2*的品种有2份,频率为1.9%;在Glu-B1位点,含Bx7、Bx20、Bx17、By8和By9的品种分别有73、26、4、45和30份,频率分别为69.5%、24.8%、3.8%、42.9%和28.6%,未检测到含Bx7OE的品种;在Glu-D1位点,含Dx5的品种有65份,频率为61.9%。(2)针对LMW-GS,在Glu-A3位点,含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d和Glu-A3f的品种分别有2、2、63、29和9份,频率分别为1.9%、1.9%、60.0%、27.6%和8.6%,未检测到含Glu-A3e和Glu-A3g的品种;在Glu-B3位点,含Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、GluB3g和Glu-B3i的品种分别有18、10、1、75和1份,频率分别为17.1%、9.5%、1.0%、71.4%和1.0%,未检测到含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3c、Glu-B3e和Glu-B3h的品种。(3)含1B/1R易位的品种有36份,频率为34.3%。(4)组合6种和5种以上优质基因的品种分别有2份(频率为3.8%)和15份(频率为14.3%)。可利用这些品种作为亲本,在四川小麦品质育种中逐步导入优质基因Ax2*、Bx7、By8、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b,并淘汰1B/1R易位,优化四川小麦面筋优质基因组成。     

长江径流对河口及邻近海区渔业影响的初步研究

根据对近年调查资料的分析，本文试就长江径流变化对邻近海区理化环境的影响、对河口及邻近海区的浮游动物的数量分布以及渔业的影响等方面进行了讨论。长江径流的变化关系到邻近海区温、盐度和冲淡水的分布，并且存在着较强的相关；不少经济鱼类的渔场正位于浮游动物总生物量高区，而近海浮游动物总生物量与长江径流量之间有着显著的正相关关系；径流量的变化不仅改变渔场位置，而且影响海区渔获量的变化。文中着重讨论了长江口、舟山和鱼山渔场的带鱼、鲐鲹鱼的分布，渔场形成，渔获量的大小与径流量关系．     

Characterization of MC1R and KIT Genotypes in Luchuan Pig Population

In order to assess the purity of Luchuan pig populations, four South Chinese local pig breeds including Putian Black pig, Yuedong Black pig, Dahuabai pig, Bama miniature pig and three foreign pig breeds including Duroc pig, Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig were studied as controls by sequencing of PCR products, MC1R and KIT genotypes in 56 Luchuan pigs were analyzed in this study. Sequencing results indicated that a splicing mutation (G>A) was presented in the first base in intron 17 of KIT gene in both Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig, in contrast, the wildtype GG of KIT gene was presented in Luchuan pig, four south Chinese local pig breeds and Duroc pig.Compared with Hainan wild boar, South Chinese local pig breeds had two missense mutations 95Val > Met and 102Leu > Pro in the coding region of MC1R gene;Compared with Yorkshire pig, Landrace pig and Duroc pig, South Chinese local pig breeds had 5 to 6 SNPs in MC1R gene 5'UTR, and in addtion, an A base deletion in MC1R gene 3'UTR. Furthermore, we found one litter of Luchuan pig with abnormal coat color.The results showed that the presentation of two distinct MC1R genotypes E^D1 and E^p in both litters and the sow,but only E^D1 in the boar. Considering E^p was derived from Pietrain pig, we preliminarily considered that the genome of the sow might be infiltrated with foreign pig breeds. In summary, we detected the genotypes of the coat color genes KIT and MC1R in eight pig breeds, confirmed the molecular differences of coat color between Chinese local pig breeds and foreign pig breeds, which could be useful for the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of pig coat color.     

Analysis of the spawning stock–recruitment relationship of vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) with evaluation of alternative models, additional variables, biases and errors

Abstract –  Spawning biomass and recruitment data for vendace from a central Finnish lake were analysed by fitting various recruitment models and comparing the fits statistically. The compensatory models of Ricker, Cushing and Beverton & Holt fitted the data better than the H ₀ hypothesis of constant proportionality, but model and parameter uncertainties were high. Additional variables were included in an attempt to reduce uncertainties. Heavy wind forcing during the first month after hatching of larvae reduced the recruitment success. For the Ricker and the Cushing models, recruitment seemed to be also negatively associated with the density of the previous year-class. The r ² increased considerably with inclusion of these additional variables, but the precision of model parameters remained low. Monte Carlo simulation of a vendace stock was applied to evaluate the interference of biases from the measurement error (ME) and time series error (TSE) in the analysis. Especially in the case of the Cushing model, compensatory density dependence can be overestimated severely. Increasing the number of observations decreases the biases in some cases. In view of potential biases and uncertainties, a precautionary management policy is recommended.     

江西鹰潭地区降雨侵蚀力及简易算法初探

根据江西鹰潭市红壤生态站自建气象站1999￣2003年度观测资料,对该站自然降雨侵蚀力(R)及其特征进行了研究和分析。结果表明,1999￣2003年度红壤生态站具有侵蚀力的自然降雨次数共有180次,降雨过程主要发生在4￣6月。根据R值的“EI30”方法,计算出各年的降雨侵蚀力依次为:3722.3,6864.2,4520.5,6299.1和5580.9MJ·mm/(hm2·h·y)。利用各次有侵蚀力的降雨过程,初步总结了鹰潭地区降雨侵蚀力的简易算法。