唐古特大黄留薹高度对其产量、品质和土壤水分的影响

采用单因素随机区组法,在甘南高原地区研究了唐古特大黄不同留薹高度对其产量、品质和土壤水分的影响。结果表明:唐古特大黄7月下旬开花前进行去薹,留薹10 cm的耗水率最小,主根长、根径、单株根干重等经济性状和产量最高,且比对照增产14.07%(P<0.01),品质也最优。留薹15 cm的水分利用效率9月份最高为1.43 kg/(mm.hm2);留薹高度在10~15 cm较为理想,既可以节水又能达到增产和改善药材品质的效果。     

抗根肿病甘蓝型油菜新品种华油杂62R的选育

我国油菜根肿病发病面积在66.7万公顷左右,约占总生产面积的10%,已严重威胁到油菜的安全生产。基于此,本研究以含有CRb抗根肿病位点的大白菜材料CR Shinki为供体亲本,以甘蓝型油菜国审杂交种华油杂62的父本Pol.CMS恢复系Bing409为受体亲本,通过杂交、回交及自交等育种程序,结合前景和遗传背景筛选,将CRb抗病位点导入到Bing409中。在BC3F2代获得了遗传背景高度接近Bing409且含CRb抗病位点的抗根肿病新恢复系Bing409R,进而成功选育了我国首个抗根肿病杂交油菜新品种华油杂62R。CRb抗病位点在甘蓝型油菜背景中表现为单基因显性遗传,根肿病抗性遗传改良的同时并未对Bing409R及由其配制的杂交种华油杂62R的产量、品质造成不良影响,Bing409R及华油杂62R对我国四川、湖北、安徽等地区根肿菌生理小种具有免疫抗性。本研究的开展为我国油菜抗根肿病育种提供了宝贵资源,为我国抵抗油菜根肿病的威胁提供了重要保障。     

Microwave l-band (1730 MHz) accurately estimates the relative water content in poplar leaves. A comparison with a near infrared water index (R1300/R1450)

In this study the estimation of reflectivity at 1730 MHz (l-band), measured with a microwave digital cordless telephony (DCT) patch antenna, is presented as an easy-to-handle and non-destructive new method to assess the relative water content (RWC) of poplar leaves and filter discs at different levels of dehydration. The accuracy of this new method has been contrasted with the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index, determined by a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The close correlations found between RWC and the reflectivity at a frequency of 1730 MHz, both for filters and leaves, indicate that microwave determinations are rather independent of the physical properties of the material analysed. On the contrary, the differences found between poplar leaves and leaf filters in the relationships established between RWC and the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index demonstrate a strong influence of the properties of the material in NIR reflectance measurements, specifically as they relate to changes in leaf thickness during dehydration. It should be noted that the amount of energy received by the leaf for the microwave technique (0.1 mW) was much lower than that received for the measuring of the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index (2.5 W). Moreover, R-square coefficients were higher for microwaves than for the R₁₃₀₀/R₁₄₅₀ index. The use of a technologically simple, low cost and portable device, based on a microwave DCT patch antenna, could yield a solid support for the development of a commercial apparatus enabling the determination of plant water status under field conditions.     

绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅰ R基因特征分析及其在肌肉组织中的表达差异

为了比较IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因在绵羊肌肉中的表达差异,根据GenBank公布的绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因mRNA序列设计特异性引物,采用实时定量PCR方法检测其在甘肃‘高山细毛羊’及其与南非肉用‘美利奴’杂交F1代(南甘F1代)羔羊肌肉组织中的表达量.利用生物信息学软件分析了绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因结构,并构建系统进化树,探讨了其生物学功能.结果表明:南甘F1代羔羊肌肉组织中IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达量显著高于‘甘肃高山细毛羊’(P0.05),而IGF-ⅠR基因的表达量在南甘F1代羔羊和‘甘肃高山细毛羊’肌肉组织中没有显著变化(P0.05).绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因分别含有465bp和4 518bp的完整开放阅读框,编码154个和1 505个氨基酸;其蛋白质分子量分别为17 011.71U和169 267.26U,等电点分别为9.36和6.70;IGF-Ⅰ基因信号肽切割点分别位于49~50位氨基酸之间,而IGF-ⅠR基因不含信号肽;IGF-Ⅰ基因编码产物的二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主,位于细胞核的可能性最高(62.5%);IGF-ⅠR基因编码产物的二级结构主要以无规则卷曲为主,位于细胞质的可能性最高(34.8%);IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因分别作为激素和信号传感器参与机体生物学过程.     

窟野河流域径流变化及人类活动对其的影响率

利用王道恒塔、温家川2个水文站的实测降水、径流资料,应用M—K秩相关系数、R/S分析、降水—径流双累积曲线法等多种数值模型方法,分析了窟野河径流年际变化特征、径流变化趋势、降水变化以及人类活动对径流变化的影响。结果表明:(1)窟野河流域多年径流变化呈下降趋势,20世纪末以来尤为明显。(2)王道恒塔和温家川2个水文站的Hurst指数分别为0.853和0.803,表明未来一段时间内窟野河年径流变化趋势将与过去保持同一势态,有持续递减的特征。(3)不同历史阶段,人类活动的剧烈程度不同,对径流量减少的影响亦不同。影响最剧烈的阶段为1997—2010年,该阶段人类活动对径流减少的影响所占比例在2个水文站分别高达80.48%和93.62%。人类活动的加剧是导致窟野河径流量锐减的主要原因。     

植物NB-LRR类R蛋白的结构和功能

在不同植物中已经克隆的R基因有70多个.本文综述了R基因所编码蛋白的分类及NB-LRR类R蛋白的结构和功能.     

An Outlook on the Localisation and Structure-Function Relationships of R Proteins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis>

The co-evolution of plants and plant-pathogens shaped a multi-layered defence system in plants, in which Resistance proteins (R proteins) play a significant role. A fundamental understanding of the functioning of these R proteins and their position in the broader defence system of the plant is essential. Sub-project 3 of the BIOEXPLOIT programme studies how R proteins are activated upon effector recognition and how recognition is conveyed in resistance signalling pathways, using the solanaceous R proteins Rx1 (from S. tuberosum spp. andigena; conferring extreme resistance against Potato Virus X), I-2 (from S. lycopersicon; mediating resistance to Fusarium oxysporum) and Mi-1.2 (from S. lycopersicon; conferring resistance to Meloidogyne incognita) as model systems. The results obtained in this project will serve as a model for other R proteins and will be translated to potential applications or alternative strategies for disease resistance. These include the modification of the recognition specificity of R proteins with the aim to obtain broad spectrum resistance to major pathogens in potato.     

基于R/S分析的参考作物腾发量时间序列分形特征

近年来分形理论在水文、股票及气象等行业中应用较多,在时间序列分析的非线性特征方面展示出强大魅力。采用重标极差方法分析西部地区6个站ETo时间序列的变化趋势和分形特征,通过对比发现:①所研究各站气象要素及ETo年变化趋势比较表明,所有站相对湿度均呈降低趋势,年积温均呈增加趋势,日照时数均呈降低趋势,年ETo值总体也呈降低趋势。②年尺度下各站点Hurst指数均大于0.5,同时分维数D均小于1.5,意味着ETo年序列在将来一段时间仍然保持与过去相一致的变化趋势,也即未来的总体趋势仍为减少趋势,各地区ETo年序列具有持续性。③各站点各月Hurst指数同样都大于0.5,分维数D均小于1.5,意味着1~12月ETo序列在将来一段时间仍然保持与过去相一致的变化趋势。此外,各站点年Hurst指数均大于月Hurst指数,表明年ETo序列比月ETo序列具有更长时间的持续性。