全国农机监理信息系统建设初探

农机安全监理担负着我国数以千万计的农业机械及其驾驶员的行政管理任务,相应的法律法规要求采用计算机管理系统来对此进行处理并能够及时地将有关信息传送到全国农机监理信息系统。由于全国统一的农机监理信息系统尚未建立,因此提出了构建全国农机监理信息系统数据库标准,即采用B/S模式进行应用程序开发,通过多种网络连接全国各地农机监理业务计算机,从而实现信息共享与网上办公的解决方案。     

西南地区主要类型土壤钾素有效性分析

通过测定西南地区主要类型土壤的基本农化性状、Q/I曲线、固钾率和酸提取钾来研究土壤钾素缓冲容量(PBCK),进而分析土壤钾素的有效性.试验结果表明,PBCK与土壤CEC、固钾率和酸提取均呈极显著正相关,因此可以用PECK来衡量土壤钾素有效性.     

Identification of Volatiles of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum, often called P. minimum, is a potentially toxic alga found in algal blooms. Volatile compounds released by the alga might carry important information, e.g., on its physiological state, and may act as chemical messengers. We report here the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by two strains, xenic P. cordatum CCMP 1529 and axenic P. cordatum CCMP 1329. The volatiles released during culture were identified despite their low production rates, using sensitive methods such as open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC/MS-analysis. The analyses revealed 16 compounds released from the xenic strain and 52 compounds from the axenic strain. The majority of compounds were apocarotenoids, aromatic compounds and small oxylipins, but new natural products such as 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide were also identified and synthesized. The large difference of compound composition between xenic and axenic algae will be discussed.     

Therapeutic Potential of Phlorotannin-Rich Ecklonia cava Extract on Methylglyoxal-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in In Vitro Model

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal (MGO), one of the major precursors of AGEs, is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phlorotannin-rich Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) on MGO-induced diabetic nephropathy in in vitro models using mouse glomerular mesangial cells. ECE showed anti-glycation activity via breaking of AGEs-collagen cross-links and inhibition of AGEs formation and AGE-collagen cross-linking formation. The renoprotective effects were determined by assessing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MGO accumulation, cell apoptosis, and the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. MGO-induced renal damage, intracellular ROS production level, and MGO-protein adduct accumulation were significantly decreased by pretreating ECE. Moreover, ECE pretreatment exhibited preventive properties against MGO-induced dicarbonyl stress via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and reduction of RAGE protein expression in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Collectively, these results indicated potential anti-glycation properties and prominent preventive effects of ECE against MGO-induced renal damage. Additionally, ECE may be utilized for the management of AGE-related diabetic nephropathy.     

养殖刺参溃疡病病原菌RH2的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

从患溃疡病养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病灶处分离出3株优势菌(RH1、RH2、RH3),以浸浴、体腔注射、体壁肌肉注射等方式进行感染实验,证实菌株RH2为养殖刺参溃疡病的病原菌,其对刺参的LD50(半数致死量)每尾为5.68×106CFU,并证实浸浴、体腔注射的方式无法感染刺参,该菌可能通过体表创伤侵入的方式感染刺参。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16SrRNA和HSP60基因测序确定菌株RH2为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。基于16S rRNA基因构建的系统发育树显示,菌株RH2与溶藻弧菌(AF513447)亲缘关系最近,置信度为50%;HSP60基因序列分析表明RH2与溶藻弧菌(AY332570、AF230931)聚为一个分支,且置信度高达99%。菌株RH2的最适生长盐度为25~35,最适生长pH为7.2~8.0,最适生长温度为14~22℃。对18种药物的敏感实验证实菌株RH2对诺氟沙星、复方新诺明、壮观霉素等较为敏感。     

基于卤水的养殖用水中Ca2+/Mg2+对凡纳滨对虾生长及体内SOD和AKP的影响

淡水稀释取自盐场的卤水,调节Ca2 、Mg2 的质量浓度和比例,设置系列梯度,进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验,测定生长比速及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的酶活性。试验表明,过高或过低的Ca2 质量浓度都会影响凡纳滨对虾的存活和生长,在Ca2 质量浓度为320 mg/L,Ca2 /Mg2 为1∶2.5时,其存活与生长最佳;同时SOD和AKP酶活性也最高。酶活性可以指示凡纳滨对虾的生长状况。     

改进微波装置辅助提取猕猴桃根三萜类化合物的研究

应用单因素试验、析因试验和响应面分析法等统计学方法,对自行设计的可以同时控制温度的微波装置辅助提取美味猕猴桃根中具有保肝作用的三萜类化合物的工艺进行了深入研究。试验结果表明：在微波功率一定的情况下,乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间的影响最显著,优化得到最佳微波辅助提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度63%,温度47℃,时间为30 min,一次提取率可达85.13%。经验证试验证明,该方法是一种实用的提取方法。     

基于Pro/E的渐开线直齿轮参数化设计

介绍了一种在Pro／E中创建渐开线直齿轮模型的方法,结合其中的二次开发工具程序和关系,实现了后续制作该类型齿轮时,可通过人机交互方式给定齿轮参数,系统自动生成齿轮模型,避免大量重复的设计工作。     

柚三倍体种子败育过程观察及内源激素消长动态

以柑橘异源四倍体为父本与单胚性柚杂交后,其三倍体种子的集中败育期为授粉后90～110 d,在柚的第2次生理落果(授粉后60d)之后,即三倍体种子的集中败育不会引起柚的大量落果.采用固相抗体型酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对柚三倍体种子及果肉中GA1/3、ABA的检测可知,随着种子的成熟或败育,GA1/3含量较低(0.019～0.025 nmol·g-1),并呈下降趋势,ABA含量上升至最大值10.84nmol·g-1.同一发育时期,果肉中ABA含量缓慢上升,GA1/3含量也有波动,但GA1/3一直处于主导地位,因此柚三倍体种子虽大量败育,引起果实发育的暂时变缓,但并不能改变或阻止果实的正常发育进程.     

基于GF-6/WFV卫星遥感的大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量估测

为对大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量（LNC）进行快速、准确及无损监测,通过在江苏省泰州泰兴市、盐城大丰区和南通如皋市布设冬小麦遥感监测大田试验,在获取试验样点冬小麦冠层红光波段反射率（RED_ref）、近红外波段反射率（NIR_ref）和计算的十个光谱指数（RVI、NDVI、DVI、SAVI、OSAVI、MSR、RDVI、EVI2、NLI和SVI）基础上,将12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC进行相关分析,选出与LNC相关性较好的作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型, 并利用GF-6/WFV卫星遥感影像对县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布开展监测。结果表明,12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中NDVI、RVI、MSR、OSAVI和NLI与冬小麦LNC的相关性较好（相关系数不低于0.65）。将优选的5个遥感光谱指标作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型（LNC-BPEM）,模型的估测精度r²=0.866,RMSE=0.246%,ARE=12.9%。将冬小麦LNC-BPEM估测模型和GF-6/WFV影像结合对县域冬小麦LNC的空间信息监测,获得了如皋县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布特征,该区域冬小麦LNC范围在0.9%~2.0%（长势正常）的种植面积为29 693.3 hm²,占冬小麦总种植面积的74%。这说明利用GF-6/WFV卫星的多个遥感光谱指标与神经网络结合建模可有效估测县域大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量。