东亚森林种群遗传结构及迁移扩散模式

东亚是温带植物种丰度的热点地区,它与北美东部具有相似的气候和植物组成,但是物种丰度是北美东部的2倍。第四纪冰期和间冰期反复的气候变动形成了当今北半球温带物种的分布格局与遗传结构,反复的气候波动导致海平面的反复升降,为东亚地区物种扩张提供了路线,导致种群不断的分开和连接,从而促进了进化的发生和异域物种的形成。介绍了森林树种的群体遗传学研究及分子系统地理学研究情况,阐述了东亚地区森林树种迁移扩散研究概况,包括物种迁移扩散模式及森林树种天然种群在东亚的迁移扩散情况,最后展望了该研究领域的发展趋势。     

以尼龙6为载体的固定化高分子季铵盐杀生剂制备

[目的]制备具有杀菌功能的高分子季铵盐杀生剂。[方法]以尼龙6为载体,4-溴丁酰氯为活化剂,在溶剂中共价接枝高分子聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),用1溴-己烷进行烷基化反应,制备固定化高分子季铵盐杀生剂。[结果]傅立叶红外光谱仪对杀生剂的检测结果表明,高分子聚乙烯亚胺接枝成功。杀生剂稳定性考察试验结果表明,高分子聚乙烯亚胺具有良好的稳定性和长期效应。[结论]固定化高分子杀生剂具有良好的抗菌及重复利用性能。     

A review of natural vegetation openness in north-western Europe

Secondary succession is threatening many species of open habitats in north-western Europe. This problem has caused an intense debate over whether the present-natural vegetation in this region would be closed forest or more open vegetation. Native large herbivores have been proposed as the key agents creating such open vegetation. Here I address this question by reviewing the palaeoecological evidence regarding vegetation openness in past oceanic interglacials and the pre-agricultural Holocene, i.e. before the onset of strong human impact. I conclude that closed forest would predominate, but include localized longer-lasting openings. Further, open vegetation would be frequent on floodplains, infertile soils, chalklands, and in continental and submeditteranean areas. Large herbivores and fire emerge as likely potential key factors in creating open vegetation in north-western Europe. Fire would probably also be important in the maintenance of light-demanding or short-statured woody species within closed upland forests.     

三种铜-季铵盐防腐剂的抗流失性及对木材材色的影响

研究了3种季铵盐与铜复配后的防腐剂的抗流失性和对木材材色的影响。结果表明：3种防腐剂均在较低温度下后续固着效果较好。后续固着温度为15℃，处理药液浓度为0.5%的条件下，FFJ－2的固着效果最好。但处理后对材色的影响较大。     

Loess particle size data indicative of stable winter monsoons during the last interglacial in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Particle size data from the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau do not support the last interglacial correlation, suggested by the data from the central part of the Loess Plateau, between the high dust-influx events in the Loess Plateau and the cool events in the high northern latitudes. The lack of marked oscillations in the particle size of the last interglacial paleosol S1 in the western part of the plateau is interpreted as an indication of stable winter monsoons. It is thus inferred that the teleconnection between the northern high latitudes and the Chinese Loess Plateau evident in the last glacial might not have existed during the last interglacial. It is argued that the western part of the plateau is a better place to establish synchroneity between parent material (eolian) deposition and S1 paleosol formation (6–8 m thick) under such cooler and drier conditions. However, to assume synchroneity between parent material (eolian) deposition and S1 paleosol formation (only 2.5 m thick) under the warmer and moister interglacial conditions in the central part of the plateau is a questionable practice. Thus, the high-resolution correlation with the data from the North Atlantic area remains problematic.     

家蚕新品种粤蚕6号(丰9·春5×湘A·研7)的选育

“粤蚕6号”是采用杂交方法选育、组配的家蚕夏秋用四元杂交种。新品种易繁易养,综合经济性状优良:生命力与“两广二号”相当;茧层量比“两广二号”提高13.23%,万蚕收茧量15.545 kg,万蚕茧层量3.447 kg;茧丝长1 019 m,解舒率75.68%,解舒丝长771.3 m,茧丝纤度2.603 dtex,洁净93.38分。     

东乡花猪及其三、四元杂交猪的繁殖、生长、屠宰性能及肉质测定

以东乡花猪×东乡花猪、长×杜东、长大×杜东3个组合为研究对象,分析了其繁殖与生长性能、胴体品质、肉质特性,结果表明:四元杂交组合的繁殖性能良好,日增重766.34 g,料重比2.78∶1,胴体瘦肉率60.70%,杂交效果优于三元杂交,各组猪的肌肉都具有鲜红的肉色、良好的持水性能。     

壳聚糖季铵盐处理柞蚕丝的结构与热性能

壳聚糖季铵盐具有良好的水溶性和正电性。采用2,3环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵与壳聚糖制备2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(壳聚糖季铵盐),并将其用于柞蚕丝的改性,研究了柞蚕丝改性前后的结构与热性能。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察柞蚕丝表面微观形态,发现用壳聚糖季铵盐处理后的柞蚕丝纤维表面产生明显的纵向条纹且有新物质附着;X-衍射(XRD)分析表明处理后的柞蚕丝结晶度提高;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示处理后的柞蚕丝纤维中N元素周围的化学环境发生了变化;热分析测试的结果表明处理后的柞蚕丝热稳定性增强。     

A micromorphological index of soil development for the Quaternary geology research

Profile development indices of Harden [Harden, J.W., 1982. A quantitative index of soil development from field: examples from a chronosequence in Central California. Geoderma 285, 1–98] and Ferrari and Magaldi [Ferrari, G., Magaldi, D., 1983. Significato ed applicazioni della paleopedologia nella stratigrafia del Quaternario. Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona 10, 315–340] have shown their utility for comparative dating of some paleosols during geomorphological and geological surveys. In Italy and other countries, pedostratigraphic methods have been commonly applied to soil profiles formed in continental formations. Unfortunately, buried and relict paleosols are very scarce or badly preserved in some areas of Italy due to past and recent tectonic activity and to strong human impact dating back to prehistoric times.In order to use relict paleosols for correct chronostratigraphic interpretation of relict paleosols and in order to correlate them with old landscape forms for the reconstruction of Quaternary sequences, a new micromorphological index (MISODI) for assessing soil development and degree of weathering was devised. The index was tested in the extensional tectonic basin of L'Aquila-Scoppito (Abruzzi, Central Italy) where some chronostratigraphic information is available.Results demonstrate that there is a good relationship between presumed relative age of paleosols and degree of weathering and pedogenesis in B and B/C horizons as assessed by this index. The index has the potential to be adapted for application to other paleosol types in other countries.     

安徽宣州黄棕色土和第四纪红土的比较研究及其古气候意义

通过地貌和型面的考察和研究,发现安徽宣州地黄棕色土的层序位于第四纪红土层之上。用ＥＳＲ测年法测得黄棕色土年龄约为８０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,红土年龄 ２４０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,。对这两种成土母质的各项理化性状和磁化率指标进行比较研究,发现黄棕色土受风化作用的程度不如第四纪红土。