Towards the development of a standardized method to monitor lakeshore hydromorphological restoration measures

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赛里木湖饵料生物及渔业现状的研究

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南北湖渔业资源现状及开发途径的探讨

作者于１９９５年对位于杭州湾北岸海盐县境内的南北湖进行了周年浮生物种群组成调查及生物量季节变化的测定，由此估算出该湖食浮游生物及腐屑的鱼类增产潜力。鉴于南北湖是著名风景湖泊，在渔业上不宜采取投饵施肥方式增加鱼是疾病，但针对良料资源状况选择适宜品种，有节制地增殖放养某些经济鱼虾，不仅能     

Evaluating the relationship between yearling walleye,Sander vitreus,electrofishing catch‐per‐unit‐effort and density in northern Wisconsin lakes

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Monitoring and modelling total phosphorus contributions to a freshwater lake with cage‐aquaculture

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巢湖烔炀河水质空间分布特征及其改善策略

研究巢湖入湖河流炯炀河营养物质(N、P)和化学需氧量(CODcr)的空间分布特征,采用基于主成分分析(PCA)构造的多指标综合评价体系表征了河流水质空间变化趋势.炯炀河各段水质受到流域人类活动和河流自净功能的双重影响.上游炯河段污染最重,其F因子均值为1.03(范围0.05～1.64),主要是由炯炀镇生活污水排放、沿河固体废弃物堆积、农业面源污染等人类活动所致.炀河段水质相对较好,其F因子均值为-0.03(范围-0.08～0.04).炯河、炀河汇合后的炯炀河段水质自上游至下游总体上呈现先变差、后变好的趋势,其F因子均值为-0.30(范围-0.66～0.28),沿途农业面源污染对河水水质产生了显著影响.采用PCA分析对河流各项水质因子载荷大小比较后得出N、P是炯炀河水质的主控因子,第一主成分氮磷营养因子解释了河流水质空间变异的约60％.提出了炯炀河水质改善策略,为炯炀河生态型小流域规划与建设提供可行方案,为巢湖水环境治理决策提供科学依据.     

滇池流域设施条件下氮磷对土壤硝酸盐累积的影响

 研究了滇池流域集约化地区设施条件下氮磷化肥对土壤硝酸盐的累积规律。研究结果表明:土壤中硝酸盐的积累主要受氮肥施用量的影响,磷肥对土壤中硝酸盐的积累的影响,因种植的作物不同而有较大的差异,在种植辣椒的土壤中,磷肥对土壤硝酸盐积累有显著影响,施磷降低土壤中的硝酸盐。在种植西芹的土壤中,磷肥对土壤中硝酸盐的影响因氮肥的投入量不同而有不同的表现,生菜中施磷对土壤硝酸盐累积无显著影响。     

Culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) in experimental cages in a freshwater eutrophic lake at different stocking densities

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879) juveniles (0.4 g) were cultured in experimental cages (L × W × H: 2.5 × 1 × 1 m) in Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. The following stocking densities at four replicates each were used: 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² of cage bottom. The mean sizes at harvest after 5 months of culture ranged from 14.3 g for the highest stocking density to 26.3 g for the lowest. The mean size at harvest, daily growth rate and size class distribution were significantly influenced by stocking density, with those at the lowest stocking density showing significantly better growth and overall proportion of larger prawns. Heterogeneous individual growth (HIG) was fairly evident in all treatments. The percentage of blue‐clawed males was not influenced by treatment but the mean weight was significantly higher in the lower stocking densities. Both the percentage and mean weight of berried females were significantly higher in the lowest stocking density. Survival was the highest in the lower stocking densities (55.3%, 54.0%, 52.7% and 36.9% for 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with decreasing stocking density, ranging from 2.1 to 3. As expected, yield per cropping increased with stocking density and ranged from 450 to 1089 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ of actual cage area. Production values obtained in the cage cultured M. rosenbergii were comparable to or even higher than those reported from pond culture, given that the stocking densities used in this study were generally higher than in ponds. The results show that the farming of M. rosenbergii in cages in lakes is a viable alternative to pond culture and has the potential of improve aquaculture production in lakeshore fish farming communities.     

洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中氮素污染及其环境成本

畜禽养殖在保障肉食供应、改善居民生活、增加农民收入等方面发挥着重要作用,但是畜禽粪便中的氮素也给环境造成严重污染,加强畜禽粪便氮素污染及其环境成本研究有重要意义。该研究以湖南洞庭湖区为对象,从耕地、水体、大气3个方面估算了该区域畜禽粪便的氮素污染及其环境成本。结果表明,2006年湖南洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中的氮素养分为18.99 万t,粪便中氮素污染的环境成本为8.77亿元,其中对农田、水体、大气污染的环境成本分别为2.32 亿元、4.81亿元、1.64 亿元。畜禽粪便氮素养分所产生的环境污染问题已经不容忽视。