红外光谱法在蕲山药多糖分析中的应用

该研究采用波长为400～4 000 cm-1的红外光谱对蕲山药多糖结构进行了分析鉴定,得到了波长为840 cm-1代表α-糖苷键的特征吸收峰和波长为759.21、830.87、812.81与876.60 cm-1等代表木糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖的特征吸收峰,以及波长为842.64 cm-1代表阿拉伯糖的特征吸收峰,推测蕲山药多糖主要以α-糖苷键形式存在,主要包括木糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、阿拉伯糖等.试验结果为下一步定量研究蕲山药多糖及其开发应用提供了基础数据.     

《范蠡养鱼经》作者的探讨

《范蠡养鱼经》到梁代就已散失了,北魏贾思勰在《齐民要术》中引录了它。笔者认为,《齐民要术》中的《养鱼经》既不是范蠡本人所写,也不是西汉末年无名氏的作品,而是贾思勰在搜集了大量的历史文献资料,广泛请教许多有经验的渔民,并经过实际观察,进行比较和验证以后撰写成的。     

邹思明《文选》评点著作——《文选尤》略论

《文选尤》是明人邹思明的《文选》评点著作。该书对原《文选》类目、篇目进行了大规模的调整、删节,从中略可窥见邹氏更喜篇幅短小、风格轻清流丽作品的审美趣味。在具体批评时,大量采用比喻象征的手法。形象化的评语所表达的内容或与原文内容相似,或只是指向对原文艺术特点的评论,本身就颇具文学意味。对用字造句之奇、构思之奇、风格之奇的崇尚贯穿于《文选尤》全书,最能体现邹氏的文学批评思想,反映出该书受到当时社会风气、文学思潮及八股文写作及评选风气等的影响。     

鄂温克旗“两行一带”造林模式分析

鄂温克旗在20世纪90年代初根据当地的实际情况开始摸索带状造林经验,以改变在草原牧区进行集中连片造林的不合理模式。退耕还林工程实施以来,两行一带作为一种新的造林模式在全区推广。鄂温克旗林业技术人员经过示范推广应用,获得了初步成效。通过分析对比,认为两行一带造林模式具有实际应用价值,可望在营林生产中继续推广应用。     

狭叶方竹一新变型

该变型秆之节间实心,与原变种不同.它产于重庆市梁平县.     

论梁启超前期的新闻思想

对梁启超前期的新闻思想 ,用“去塞求通”四个字是无法全面准确地加以概括和反映的 ,“去塞求通”仅仅是其新闻思想的一部分。梁启超前期的新闻思想集中表现在对“报馆有益于国事”及“报章体例”的探讨上 ,提出了开风气、求通达、教愚民的报刊功能观以及文义并举的新闻业务思想。     

补气活血对奶牛产后气虚血瘀征血液流变性、SOD/MDA及NO的影响

从血液流变性、氧自由基和一氧化氮自由基变化角度研究补气活血法防治产后气虚血瘀征的作用。试验分为3组:产后健康组18例,气虚血瘀征组9例,气虚血瘀征用药组8例。用药组按0 8g/kg体重投喂归芪益母散,给药方法为产后1、2、3、5、7d每日1剂,共计5剂。于产后1、2、4、7、10d按设计指标采血、化验分析。结果表明喂服归芪益母散可显著降低产后气虚血瘀征奶牛1、2d全血低切比黏度(P<0 05),显著降低4、7、10d血浆比黏度(P<0 01或P<0 05);显著降低1、2、7d血液MDA含量(P<0 01或P<0 05);显著降低1、2、4、7、10d血液一氧化氮含量(P<0 01或P<0 05)。补气活血可显著改善产后气虚血瘀征奶牛的血液流变性、氧自由基和一氧化氮自由基失衡状况。     

Characterization of Laboratory Mutants of Botrytis cinerea Resistant to QoI Fungicides

Mutants of Botrytis cinerea with moderate and high resistance to pyraclostrobin, a Qo inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport at the cytochrome bc ₁ complex, were isolated at a high mutation frequency, after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and selection on medium containing pyraclostrobin and salicylhydroxamate (SHAM), a specific inhibitor of cyanide-resistant (alternative) respiration. Oxygen uptake in whole cells was strongly inhibited in the wild-type strain by pyraclostrobin and SHAM, but not in the mutant isolates. Cross-resistance studies with other Qo and Qi inhibitors (QoIs and QiIs) of cytochrome bc ₁ complex of mitochondrial respiration showed that the mutation(s) for resistance to pyraclostrobin also reduced the sensitivity of mutant strains to other QoIs as azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin, but not to famoxadone and to the QiIs cyazofamid and antimycin-A. An increased sensitivity of pyraclostrobin-resistant strains to the carboxamide boscalid, an inhibitor of complex II, and to the anilinopyrimidine cyprodinil, a methionine biosynthesis inhibitor, was observed. Moreover, no effect of pyraclostrobin resistance mutation(s) on fungitoxicity of the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the benzimidazole benomyl, and to the phenylpyridinamine fluazinam, which affect other cellular pathways, was observed. Study of fitness parameters in the wild-type and pyraclostrobin-resistant mutants of B. cinerea showed that most mutants had a significant reduction in the sporulation, conidial germination and sclerotia production. Experiments on the stability of the pyraclostrobin-resistant phenotype showed a reduction of resistance, mainly in moderate resistant strains, when the mutants were grown on inhibitor-free medium. However, a rapid recovery of the resistance level was observed after the mutants were returned to a selective medium. Studies on the competitive ability of mutant isolates against the wild-type parent strain, by applications of a mixed conidial population, showed that, in vitro, all mutants were less competitive than the wild-type strain. However, the competitive ability of high resistant mutants was higher than the moderate ones. Pathogenicity tests on cucumber seedlings showed that all mutant strains tested exhibited an infection ability similar with the wild-type parent strain. Preventive applications of the commercial product of F-500 25EC (pyraclostrobin) were effective against lesion development on cotyledons by the wild-type, but ineffective, even at high concentrations, against disease caused by the pyraclostrobin-resistant isolates. Boscalid (F-510 50WG) was found equally effective against the disease caused by the wild-type or pyraclostrobin-resistant mutants. This is the first report indicating the appearance of B. cinerea strains resistant to QoI fungicides by the biochemical mechanism of site modification and the risk for field resistance.     

膜府系统的病理特征初探——中医膜府系统学说之三

膜府的病理特征是受纳邪气,转输病邪,气机怫郁,阴阳失调,渗灌障碍则津停血瘀,渗泄无度则耗伤气血津液,久病入膜则气滞血瘀而成痼疾,虚实夹杂,变化多端。