Non-growing season soil CO2 efflux and its changes in an alpine meadow ecosystem of the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

Most soil respiration measurements are conducted during the growing season.In tundra and boreal forest ecosystems,cumulative,non-growing season soil CO2 fluxes are reported to be a significant component of these systems' annual carbon budgets.However,little information exists on soil CO2 efflux during the non-growing season from alpine ecosystems.Therefore,comparing measurements of soil respiration taken annually versus during the growing season will improve the accuracy of estimating ecosystem carbon budgets,as well as predicting the response of soil CO2 efflux to climate changes.In this study,we measured soil CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal changes for different altitudes during the non-growing season in an alpine meadow located in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest ChinaField experiments on the soil CO2 efflux of alpine meadow from the Qilian Mountains were conducted along an elevation gradient from October 2010 to April 2011.We measured the soil CO2 efflux,and analyzed the effects of soil water content and soil temperature on this measure.The results show that soil CO2 efflux gradually decreased along the elevation gradient during the non-growing season.The daily variation of soil CO2 efflux appeared as a single-peak curve.The soil CO2 efflux was low at night,with the lowest value occurring between 02:00-06:00.Then,values started to rise rapidly between 07:00-08:30,and then descend again between 16:00-18:30.The peak soil CO2 efflux appeared from 11:00 to 16:00.The soil CO2 efflux values gradually decreased from October to February of the next year and started to increase in March.Non-growing season Q10(the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10℃ increase in temperature) was increased with raising altitude and average Q10 of the Qilian Mountains was generally higher than the average growing season Q10 of the Heihe River Basin.Seasonally,non-growing season soil CO2 efflux was relatively high in October and early spring and low in the winter.The soil CO2 efflux was positively correlated with soil temperature and soil water content.Our results indicate that in alpine ecosystems,soil CO2 efflux continues throughout the non-growing season,and soil respiration is an important component of annual soil CO2 efflux.     

Q型烟粉虱对不同番茄品种的适生性

为探究烟粉虱对不同番茄品种的适生性差异,于温室条件下采用生态测定和生化方法,研究了Q型烟粉虱在不同番茄品种上的生物学参数及不同番茄品种叶片营养物质和次生物质含量的差异,并利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定了Q型烟粉虱成虫对不同番茄品种的行为反应。结果表明,Q型烟粉虱在供试5个不同番茄品种上的存活率、产卵量及种群生命表参数均存在显著差异,其存活率、产卵量、净增殖率和内禀增长率均以在绿肩2号上最高,分别为80.43%、314.00、42.21和0.12,在精品淑娇上最低,分别为41.58%、93.33、12.05和-0.10。不同番茄品种的营养物质和次生物质含量差异显著,可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量均以绿肩2号最高,分别为4.13、2.50 mg/g,总黄酮和总酚含量以金陵红玉最高,分别为9.60、9.04 mg/g。行为反应结果显示Q型烟粉虱对绿肩2号的选择性较强,与苏红2003相比,选择率为61.5∶38.5;对精品淑娇最弱,与绿肩2号相比,选择率为41.3∶58.7。     

钟冠报春苣苔花发育进程中花色素苷含量的变化

采用超高效液相色谱—四级杆飞行时间串联质谱联用技术（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）测定钟冠报春苣苔（Primulina swinglei）花发育进程中花色素苷在各花器官组织中的分布、含量及比例。共鉴定出17种花色素苷类物质,分别为矢车菊素、芍药花素、飞燕草素、矮牵牛素及锦葵素及其与葡萄糖、芸香糖、乙酰芸香糖等糖苷组合而成的苷元。研究发现,呈紫色的花瓣中蓝紫色的花色素（飞燕草素、矮牵牛素及锦葵素）比例达到64.0%;呈红色的花筒中红粉色的矢车菊素及芍药花素分别占36.7%和20.0%。开花前总花色素苷含量缓慢上升并趋于稳态,该过程中红粉色的花色素占据比例逐渐减小,而蓝紫色花色素所占比例渐趋增加,这可能与花瓣/花筒的比例渐趋增大有关。而花盛开之后,花色素苷含量急剧降低,可能与花色素苷的降解或稀释相关。     

Effect of supplementation with the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 on semen quality and antioxidant status in dogs with poor semen quality: Three case studies

Oxidative stress owing to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a major contributor to male infertility. We investigated the effects of the reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol) supplementation on semen quality in dogs with poor semen quality. Three dogs received 100 mg of ubiquinol orally once daily for 12 weeks. Semen quality, serum testosterone, and seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined at 2-week intervals from 2 weeks before ubiquinol supplementation to 4 weeks after the treatment. Ubiquinol improved sperm motility, reduced morphologically abnormal sperm, and increased seminal plasma SOD activity; however, it had no effect on testosterone level, semen volume, and sperm number. Ubiquinol supplementation could be used as a non-endocrine therapy for infertile dogs.     

碱蓬中辅酶Q10的提取分离

[目的]为碱蓬中辅酶Q10的提取分离和工业化生产提供科学依据。[方法]用10%KOH-甲醇的醇碱皂化法从碱蓬中提取辅酶Q10,并用硅胶柱层析,经无水乙醇重结晶后,得黄色结晶。用熔点测定法和薄层层析法对黄色结晶进行定性鉴定,用HPLC法和Craven氏颜色试验法对其进行定量测定。[结果]无水乙醇重结晶后得到的晶体,其熔点为48.6~50.3℃,在碱性条件下,加入氰基乙酸乙脂后,生成了蓝色化合物,证明该结晶是辅酶Q10。用Craven氏颜色试验法测得碱蓬干粉中辅酶Q10的含量约为63.3μg/g,精制辅酶Q10结晶的纯度为93.2%。用HPLC法测得的辅酶Q10含量约为63.1μg/g。两种定量分析方法存在良好的线性关系。[结论]碱蓬是获取辅酶Q10的良好材料,有很好的开发前景。     

Expression of Frizzled 2 in the mouse ovary during oestrous cycle

The Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is a conserved signalling pathway that regulates gene expression and controls diverse developmental processes such as cell fate specification, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. To our knowledge, the potential role of this pathway in the adult ovary has been poorly addressed. To this end, we investigated the expression pattern of Frizzled 2 in the mouse ovary during oestrous cycle by real‐time Q‐PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In this study, we used uterine wet weight and H3.2 mRNA level as two markers for classification of mouse oestrous cycle. We found that both uterine wet weight and H3.2 mRNA are the highest in the proestrus and decrease from oestrus to diestrus. During oestrous cycle, Frizzled 2 mRNA and protein exhibited the highest level in the proestrus stage and rapidly reduced from oestrus to diestrus. In situ hybridization results showed that the positive signals for Frizzled 2 are highly detected in the oocyte and stroma in proestrus stage, while moderate or weak Frizzled 2 mRNAs are localized in the oocyte, granulosa cells, stroma and corpus luteum from oestrus to diestrus. The localization pattern of Frizzled 2 protein is mostly consistent with its mRNA, but stronger Frizzled 2 proteins are present in the granulosa cells and membrane of oocyte in oestrous cycle. Our data suggest that Frizzled 2 may be involved in regulating follicle growth, oocyte maturation and luteinization during oestrous cycle.     

新疆南部农田裸地土壤呼吸变化特征

于2012-06-28-2013-01-08在新疆焉耆盆地设置农田裸土桶装培养试验,采用动态密闭气室法(Li-8100,USA),监测地表温度和土壤呼吸地表通量的日变化和季节变化.试验包括3个处理:原土、含1.25％和2.5％玉米秸秆的混合土.结果表明:①土壤呼吸速率日变化特征均呈单峰型曲线,最高值出现在12:00-16:00,最低值在5:00-7:00.②土壤呼吸速率季节变化特征为:夏季最大,冬季最小.其中,在夏季有2个峰值:出现在7月中下旬和8月中下旬.通过相关性分析发现:3个处理土壤呼吸速率与地表温度的相关性在夏季均不显著(P＞0.05),在秋季均呈极显著相关(R2＞0.90,P＜0.01),在冬季均呈显著相关(R2 ＞0.40,P＜0.05).夏季和冬季的土壤呼吸温度敏感性(用Q10值表示)分别为1.21 ～1.52和1.65 ～2.25.     

秦岭太白山土壤CO2的释放特征及温度的影响

秦岭山系是我国南北气候的分界线,地理位置独特,对气候变化响应比较明显,气温升高会影响其土壤碳释放。因此对秦岭土壤CO2释放特征的研究具有重要意义。通过对秦岭主峰太白山六种不同植类型土壤CO2释放特征的野外测定,结果表明,太白山土壤CO2的释放从8:00-11:00升高,11:00-16:00达到峰值;土壤CO2的释放速率的大小顺序是:阔叶栎林桦木林落叶阔叶林太白红杉林秦岭冷杉林高山草甸。不同植被类型土壤CO2的释放速率与温度呈正相关,与地表气温以及土层深度0～5cm处温度呈极显著正相关性。不同植被类型土壤CO2释放速率的Q10顺序是:秦岭冷杉林桦木林阔叶栎林高山草甸落叶阔叶林太白红杉林。     

分子标记辅助选择定向改良不育系Q211S稻瘟病的抗性

为提高水稻温敏型核不育系‘Q211S’的稻瘟病抗性,以‘Q211S’为受体材料,以携带Pi9基因的抗稻瘟病材料‘75-1-127’为供体,通过常规育种方法和分子标记辅助选择技术相结合,选育出5个抗病性改良的两系不育系。抗性鉴定及田间试验结果表明:这5个抗病性改良的两系不育系对苗瘟、穗瘟均表现较高抗性,其他特征特性与‘Q211S’相近。5个改良不育系与‘Q211S’所配组合在株高、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重上差异不显著;而改良不育系所配组合在稻瘟病抗性方面较‘Q211S’所配组合明显增强。     

灌溉量对灌浆期麦田土壤呼吸的影响

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要环节,在维持全球碳平衡中发挥着十分重要的作用。全球气候变暖会改变大气环流和全球水文循环,研究土壤水分状况对土壤呼吸的影响机理对于预测未来土壤碳储量变化具有重要意义。本文通过人为控制灌溉量,研究了灌溉量对灌浆期麦田土壤呼吸的影响,结果表明:在水分亏缺下,土壤呼吸随着灌溉量的增大而增强,但过量灌溉会抑制土壤呼吸,而这种抑制作用会随着时间的推移而消退。Q10与灌溉量之间呈抛物线关系,在灌溉量较小的情况下,Q10随灌溉量的增加而增大,过量灌溉时随灌溉量的增加而减小。