Reference Value Advisor: a new freeware set of macroinstructions to calculate reference intervals with Microsoft Excel

Abstract: International recommendations for determination of reference intervals have been recently updated, especially for small reference sample groups, and use of the robust method and Box–Cox transformation is now recommended. Unfortunately, these methods are not included in most software programs used for data analysis by clinical laboratories. We have created a set of macroinstructions, named Reference Value Advisor, for use in Microsoft Excel to calculate reference limits applying different methods. For any series of data, Reference Value Advisor calculates reference limits (with 90% confidence intervals [CI]) using a nonparametric method when n≥40 and by parametric and robust methods from native and Box–Cox transformed values; tests normality of distributions using the Anderson–Darling test and outliers using Tukey and Dixon–Reed tests; displays the distribution of values in dot plots and histograms and constructs Q–Q plots for visual inspection of normality; and provides minimal guidelines in the form of comments based on international recommendations. The critical steps in determination of reference intervals are correct selection of as many reference individuals as possible and analysis of specimens in controlled preanalytical and analytical conditions. Computing tools cannot compensate for flaws in selection and size of the reference sample group and handling and analysis of samples. However, if those steps are performed properly, Reference Value Advisor, available as freeware at http://www.biostat.envt.fr/spip/spip.php?article63 , permits rapid assessment and comparison of results calculated using different methods, including currently unavailable methods. This allows for selection of the most appropriate method, especially as the program provides the CI of limits. It should be useful in veterinary clinical pathology when only small reference sample groups are available.     

电超滤浸提土壤养分的研究 Ⅱ.表征旱地土壤有效氮的电超滤—吸光量

论述了新的表征旱地土壤有效氮的电超滤-吸光量(EUF-Q)概念、原理和计算法;提出了十分简便、快速、灵敏的测定方法;检定了土壤 EUF-Q 值的精密度和准确性。通过4年62份华北旱地土壤的 EUF-Q 值与盆栽冬小麦对氮肥反应的相关研究,表明土壤 EUF-Q 可以很好地表征旱地土壤有效氮的供应水平,远比通常所用的土壤全氮、碱解氮或有机质等化学法指数优越得多。此外还探讨了土壤 EUF-N 中 NO_3-N 和有机 N 的分配以及 EUF-N 的浸提动态。     

烟粉虱Q型与B型种群动态及其影响因子研究进展

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一种重要的农业害虫,并含有许多生物型。其中,烟粉虱Q型和B型是目前研究最为广泛深入的两种生物型。近20年来,烟粉虱B型传入世界各地并暴发成灾,被视为入侵性最强的生物型。相对于烟粉虱B型,烟粉虱Q型是近年来引起人们高度重视的一种新的生物型。在介绍烟粉虱Q型与B型系统发育关系以及基因交流的基础上,着重论述这两种生物型的种群动态及其影响因子的研究进展,以期揭示烟粉虱Q型与B型的成功入侵机制,并为其控制提供依据。     

Ω涡识别方法在双进口两级中开泵中的应用

为了研究双进口两级中开泵内部流动的涡旋特性,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,采用非定常数值计算方法,通过外特性试验和GCI准则验证了数值计算方法的合理性,并引入新一代涡识别方法Omega(Ω)法,对其内流场中的涡旋结构进行分析.研究结果表明:传统的涡识别方法不能有效剔除壁面剪切层的影响,而Ω方法能将流体的剪切和纯旋转运动进行区分,获得较为清晰的泵内涡旋结构,特别是在两级叶轮中,能准确捕捉到尾迹涡的形态和分布情况;在不同工况下,将三维的Ω涡识别方法简化到二维平面后,其在反流道中的适应性更好,规避了之前许多没有形成涡旋结构而流线呈现出强扭曲的区域,同时证明了轴向涡旋在反流道中占主导地位.另外,研究过程证明了Ω方法在双进口两级中开泵这种复杂流体机械内部涡旋结构的识别中具有较大的优势,可以为该型泵进一步的设计优化提供相关理论依据.     

CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉对中国半干旱地区春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应的影响研究

试验研究表明,在春小麦全生育期进行补充灌溉和升高CO2浓度能够有效提高田间生态系统边缘效应。与没有CO2浓度升高比较,当CO2浓度升高40~160μmol/mol时,春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应的面积增加1.8~3.6 m2。在春小麦全生育期补充灌溉60 mm与补充灌溉30 mm比较,田间生态系统边缘效应有显著变化。特别是将CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉进行组合,较没有CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉比较,春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应面积提高了300%~500%。同时研究还表明,在春小麦全生育期CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉可以显著提高春小麦田间生态系统边缘效应系数。CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉进行组合较没有CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉比较,边缘效应系数提高4.0~6.7。因此,CO2浓度升高与补充灌溉组合对提高春小麦边缘效应有显著作用。     

Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype Bemisia tabaci populations from Crete

BACKGROUND: A major problem of crop protection in Crete, Greece, is the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. RESULTS: During a 2005–2007 survey, 53 Q biotype populations were collected. Application history records showed extensive use of neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. High resistance levels were identified in the majority of populations (>80%) for imidacloprid (RF: 38–1958×) and α‐cypermethrin (RF: 30–600×). Low resistance levels (RF < 12) were observed for pirimiphos‐methyl. A strong correlation between resistance to imidacloprid and the number of applications with neonicotinoids was observed. Significant correlations were observed between COE and P450‐dependent monoxygenase activity with resistance to α‐cypermethrin and imidacloprid respectively. A propoxur‐based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. Resistance levels for α‐cypermethrin were increased when compared with a previous survey (2002–2003). Differentiation of LC₅₀ values between localities was observed for imidacloprid only. CONCLUSION: Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than α‐cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos‐methyl suggest absence of cross‐resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

锥栗林土壤呼吸动态变化与主要影响因子分析

通过LI-6400对闽北锥栗林的土壤呼吸进行测定与分析。结果表明,不同季节土壤温度的变化较为一致,呈单峰变化趋势,最大值出现在15:00;土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化趋势大致呈单峰变化,不同季节里呼吸速率最大值出现的时间不同,春季与冬季最高值出现在13:00,而夏季与秋季分别出现在17:00与15:00;不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日变化幅度以冬季较小,春季最大;土壤呼吸Q10值的季节变化中,冬季Q10值最大,夏季最小,Q10值随土壤温度的增高而降低。     

双吸泵作液力透平叶轮内非定常流动DMD分析

为了精确分析双吸泵作液力透平叶轮内的非定常流动特性,采用SST k-ω湍流模型在设计工况下进行数值模拟。对一个周期的非定常速度场进行动态模态分解(DMD),并结合Q准则,得到前4阶主要模态及其相应的时空信息。分析结果表明：DMD方法将叶轮内复杂的流场特征分解为动静干扰模态、基本模态和耗散模态。其中动静干扰模态占主导地位,频率为叶轮旋转频率,反映出叶轮内流动受静止部件干扰的流动特征,涡结构主要为点状涡和不连续的管状涡;基本模态频率为0Hz,反映出叶片流道几何特征引起的稳态流场特征,涡结构主要为连续的管状涡;3阶及4阶模态为耗散模态,反映出叶轮内流动受静止部件干扰,在叶片上产生的流动分离及不稳定涡结构脱落的特征,以片状涡和不连续的管状涡为主。在特定频率下DMD方法可以对叶轮流场结构进行分解,能够清楚地分析双吸泵作液力透平叶轮内复杂流场的非定常特性。     

西南地区主要类型土壤钾素有效性分析

通过测定西南地区主要类型土壤的基本农化性状、Q/I曲线、固钾率和酸提取钾来研究土壤钾素缓冲容量(PBCK),进而分析土壤钾素的有效性.试验结果表明,PBCK与土壤CEC、固钾率和酸提取均呈极显著正相关,因此可以用PECK来衡量土壤钾素有效性.