一串红生长和开花特性对高温反应的品种间差异研究

一串红是我国夏秋季节常用的红色草花,温度超过30℃会严重影响其观赏价值。本试验研究了9个一串红品种在田间自然高温下的生育期及田间生长指标的变化情况。结果表明一串红不同品种间在生育期上存在显著差异,火娃和辉虹开花天数最长。在自然高温胁迫条件下,一串红不同品种间在株高、冠幅、花序长度和花序数上存在显著差异,所有品种生长放缓,并且均出现了少量叶片萎蔫的现象,但高温并未对一串红的正常开花起到显著影响。在整体表现上,辉虹、皇后、火娃和红孩表现出较高的观赏价值,有较强的耐热性,适于在高温下生长。     

不同生态环境下一串红的结实规律

[目的]探索各生态环境下一串红单花序结实的构成及其各构成要素对结实的贡献,为确定不同生态环境下的最佳采种时间提供依据。[方法]以一串红皇帝系列品种为试材,将其分别定植于大棚、露地、阴棚、地膜覆盖4种生态环境．测定初花后不同时间主花、侧花及单花序的结实量。[结果]研究表明,露地、塑料大棚、地膜覆盖和阴棚采种的最佳时间分别为始花后15、25、25、30d以上。[结论]各生态环境下一串红主花、侧花和单花序表现出不同的结实规律,其中地膜覆盖是种子生产的最佳方法。     

玉米茎腐病研究现状与防治对策

论述了玉米茎腐病的优势病原菌、发病规律及其防治对策,阐明了玉米茎腐病的侵染机制是腐霉菌在高温条件下主要的初侵染原,而镰刀菌因其超强的定殖能力而进行二次侵染,两种病原菌侵染致病的主要活性物质为糖蛋白毒素。筛选功能菌株研制生防制剂和采取农业综合栽培措施将成为取代化学药剂防治该病的主要措施。     

Copper Tolerance and Accumulation of Elsholtzia splendens Nakai in a Pot Environment

ABSTRACT

Elsholtzia splendens Naki has been identified as a copper (Cu) geobotanical indicator. In this study, the effects of Cu supply levels (control, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mg kg¹) on the growth and Cu accumulation in E. splendens were studied in one pot experiment. The results showed that no reduction in shoot height and dry weight was noted when the plants were grown at Cu supply levels up to 1000 mg kg^?1 in soil. Slight stimulation on shoot growth was noted at Cu levels ≥ 100 mg kg^?1. Copper concentration in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cu levels, and reached a maximum of 1751 and 9.45 mg kg^?1 (DW) at 1200 mg Cu kg^?1. The amount of Cu accumulated in the roots and shoots were 313 and 22 μ g plant^?1 at external Cu levels of 1000 and 800 mg kg^?1, respectively. The shoot/root Cu ratios ranged from 0.005 to 0.008 and more than 92% of the total Cu taken up by E. splendens was accumulated in roots. Furthermore, Cu concentrations in roots and shoots were significant and positively correlated with total soil Cu, water, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), ammonium (NH₄)-acetate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extractable Cu. These results indicate that E. splendens can considered as a Cu tolerant and accumulated plant, and root is the major part for accumulation of Cu in E. splendens.     

Comparison of electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins and isozymes of the red rot disease fungus Pythium sp. isolated from Porphyra yezoensis from Korea and Japan

SUMMARY: Pythium sp., the causative organism of red rot disease, isolated from Porphyra yezoensis from Wando in Korea was compared with those from Miyagi, Aichi, and Fukuoka Prefectures by means of electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins and isozymes. Native and sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins revealed small but significant differences among the four isolates. Among the 14 detected enzymes, catalase (CAT), carboxylesterase (CE), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) possessed isozymes. The dissimilarity value of isozyme banding patterns for four isolates by unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was highest (0.51) between the isolate from Fukuoka and those from Miyagi and Aichi, and lowest (0.19) between the isolate from Miyagi and that from Aichi. Cluster analysis of data from isozyme banding patterns grouped the isolates from Miyagi and Aichi. These results indicate that the isolates from Miyagi and Aichi are similar, but each isolate from Wando and Fukuoka differed slightly from those of Miyagi and Aichi.     

北京地区常见鼠尾草属植物AFLP亲缘关系分析(英文)

[目的]采用AFLP分子标记技术对北京地区鼠尾草属(Salviaspp.)植物的7个种23份样本进行亲缘关系分析。[方法]利用21对引物组合中筛选出的稳定性好、多态性较高的6对引物(E+ATT/M+AC;E+ATT/M+GA;E+AAG/M+CTG;E+AAG/M+CCT;E+AAG/M+ACT;E+AAC/M+ACT)用于扩增北京地区鼠尾草属植物基因组DNA,反应体系分为两步:①梯度降温扩增。第1个循环为94℃,30s;65℃,30s;72℃,60s。以后每个循环的退火温度依次降低0.7℃,共13个循环;②普通扩增。94℃,30s;56℃,30s;72℃,60s;23个循环。扩增后采用6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和BG-Power3500型电源和DYC-20A型电泳槽,在恒功率60W的条件下电泳至溴酚蓝指示线刚刚跑出玻璃板。银染后在灯光下统计扩增条带数,构成二进制矩阵表。用NTSYSpc2.10e软件进行分析,采用UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,通过Treeplot模块生成聚类图。[结果]对23份鼠尾草属植物进行AFLP分析,得到367个扩增位点,其中多态性位点359个,占总扩增位点的97.82%。在遗传距离为0.32的水平下,23份鼠尾草属植物样本归为7个组:一串红(S.splendens)组、蓝花鼠尾草(S.farinacea)组、朱唇(S.coccinea)组、雪见草(S.plebe-ia)组、丹参(S.miltiorrhiza)组、荫生鼠尾草(S.umbratica)组和罗马尼亚鼠尾草(S.officinalis)组。蓝花鼠尾草、朱唇、雪见草、丹参、荫生鼠尾草、罗马尼亚鼠尾草与一串红的亲缘关系依次增远;一串红种内,自选品种(系)与商品种亲缘关系较远。[结论]该研究结果可为北京地区开展鼠尾草属植物的种间和种内远缘杂交提供理论参考。     

一串红菌核病病原鉴定及其主要生物学特性研究

[目的]明确引起广东省中山市一串红茎基部腐烂的病原菌种类及其主要生物学特性。[方法]对一串红病株进行了病原菌分离纯化,研究了其形态特征、致病性、主要生物学和分子生物学特性。[结果]该菌在多种培养基上均可生长;生长温度范围为5～30℃,最适生长温度为加～25℃。在供试碳源中,病原菌对葡萄糖利用最好;在供试的氮源中,对硫酸铵利用最好;菌丝在pH2—9均可生长,生长的最佳pH值为3～6;同时筛选出几种对病原菌有明显抑制作用的杀菌剂。[结论]引起一串红茎基腐菌核病的病原菌鉴定为核盘菌,这在中国大陆首次报道。     

Water relations and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to interactions of drought and fungal root diseases (Rhizoctonia and Pythium)

A pot experiment investigated the effects of root diseases (Pythium and Rhizoctonia) under drought conditions at either tillering or anthesis stages on the water-use efficiency (WUE), water relations, and yield components of wheat cultivars Janz and Mulgara. The pathogens reduced transpiration in Janz during drought at tillering and in both cultivars during the period of recovery after drought at anthesis. However, the pathogens did not affect WUE. WUE did not differ between well-watered plants and those droughted at tillering but it was reduced by 80% by drought at anthesis. Un-infected plants of cultivar Janz subjected to drought at tillering had a higher total water potential (Ψ_w) and osmotic potential (Ψ_s) than diseased plants. However, Ψ_s of un-inoculated plants that were droughted at anthesis was lower than diseased plants in the period following anthesis. Yield components were significantly higher in well-watered than droughted plants and higher in cv. Mulgara than cv. Janz. The pathogens affected transpiration during tillering, but not at later stages, when roots developed beyond the inoculation point. Although the pathogens caused damage to the roots, the effects on water relations parameters were minor. This suggests that wheat can tolerate moderate levels of these root diseases under drought.     

泰国斗鱼的胚胎发育及温度对胚胎发育的影响

观察了泰国斗鱼Betta splendens受精卵的形态和胚胎发育的过程,研究了温度对胚胎发育的影响。试验设置5个温度组（20、23、26、29、32℃）,记录各温度下胚胎发育历时、孵化率和畸形率,共重复5次。结果表明：水温为20～32℃时,泰国斗鱼受精卵均能孵化,最适孵化温度为26～29℃。孵化温度T与孵化时间t呈负相关,相关方程为t=18878T-1.8528（R2=0.9811）;泰国斗鱼胚胎发育的生物学零度为11.08℃,有效积温为659.39℃.h。     

1株灭蚊真菌-贵阳腐霉的田间生态安全性评价

在田间作随机区组设计,以植物株高和鲜重或发病率为观察指标,无菌水作对照,通过土壤接种法,在低温、高湿的田间条件下分别观察贵阳腐霉Pythium guiyangense对黄瓜Cucumis sativus、番茄Lycopersicomesculentum、辣椒Capsicum annuum、烟草Nicotiana tabacum、油菜Brassica campestris和水稻Oryza sativa6种易患腐霉病植物的致病性。从试验组患病植物组织中分离致病真菌进行纯化培养、鉴定。结果表明,在自然条件下,贵阳腐霉不影响植物的生长势,很难侵染植物使其感病。