豆芽烂芽的病原菌分离鉴定及致病性研究

对规模化生产中的绿豆芽烂芽取样,进行致病菌的分离、纯化及鉴定,确定病原菌为瓜果腐霉,观测了不同接种量的瓜果腐霉孢子悬浮液对绿豆芽的致病性。结果表明,不同接种量处理,其发病时间、发病率、豆芽生物产量均存在差异。接种浓度为10^3个／mL和104个／mL的抱子悬浮液处理后,豆芽烂芽严重,接种浓度10^3个／mL处理第3天出现烂芽,发病率为10％,第4,5天发病率分别为58％,92％;接种浓度10^4个／mL处理第2天开始出现烂芽,发病率为2％．第3,4,5天发病率分别为58％,100％,100％,发病情况日趋严重;发病芽体呈水浸状、浅褐色腐烂,有刺激性异味：严重影响其生物产量,生物产量与健康幼苗相比分别降低33．1％,33．3％。     

不同光照条件对一串红“猩红皇后”幼苗生长的影响

通过搭建黑色网纱对一串红新品种"猩红皇后"的幼苗进行了不同光照强度的试验。结果表明:不同光照条件对一串红幼苗的株高、地径、叶量、叶面积、茎叶及根系的鲜干重有不同影响,遮光率为60%左右有利于幼苗的株高、地径、叶片数、叶面积的增长,也有利于根系的生长;遮光率为90%以上对幼苗生长有负作用;不同遮光处理对幼苗生长的影响发生明显变化在1周以后,18 d后60%遮光处理组与70%相比生长优势明显。     

应用滇池淤泥作为基质种植一串红的研究

通过盆栽试验,以土壤作对照,研究滇池淤泥和蛭石不同体积配比对一串红生长和开花的影响。结果表明:不同处理在促进一串红株高、株冠、花串生长和花期等方面差异较明显,使用纯滇池淤泥种植一串红的长势和开花状况最佳,其它不同淤泥与蛭石配比种植一串红的生长和开花状况都要比单独用淤泥种植的效果差。其长势和开花状况分别为淤泥∶蛭石=4∶0>淤泥∶蛭石=2∶1>淤泥∶蛭石=1∶1>淤泥∶蛭石=1∶3>土壤,单独用土壤种植的一串红其生长和开花状况比其它所有处理差。因此,可以直接应用滇池淤泥种植一串红等花卉。     

Morphological responses of bedding plants to three greenhouse temperature regimes

Seedling crops of gazania, geranium, marigold, mimulus, pansy, verbena and vinca were grown to 60% anthesis in three greenhouse temperature regimes: (a) 26 °C day/6 ± 3 °C night (LT), with a 16.5 °C mean daily temperature (MDT), (b) 26 °C day/17 ± 4 °C night, with a 21 °C MDT, and (c) variable day/night temperatures in response to heating and cooling by a phase change material energy storage module (PCM) with an 8 ± 2 °C night and a 16 °C MDT. Crops bloomed from 2 to 17 days earlier in the 26 °C/17 °C greenhouse. The morphological characteristics of all cultivars of gazania, mimulus, pansy and verbena, geranium and vinca were similar regardless of greenhouse temperature regime. Marigold diploid and triploid cultivars and mimulus were morphologically more variable than the other bedding plant species. Crops grown in the PCM and LT greenhouses had virtually identical morphological characteristics and bloomed in about the same number of days. Plant height was not affected by DIF environments in the greenhouses. The PCM and LT greenhouses had a similar MDT, but the distribution of numbers of hours of mean daily temperatures was different.     

一串红新品种‘红色恋曲’

 ‘红色恋曲’一串红是从辽宁省朝阳市郊区农家采收种子后,通过系统选育出的红色新品种。该品种在早春播种露地栽培条件下,植株呈半球形,株高38 ~ 50 cm,冠幅62 ~ 80 cm,花序长10 ~ 25 cm,花萼及花冠红色。夏季高温时基本不落叶不黄叶,能正常开花;不易发生疫病和花叶病;适宜在北京地区种植。     

赤霉素与脱落酸对一串红种子休眠及发芽的影响

通过滤纸床发芽方法测定一串红种子发芽率.采用HPLC测定种子发育及贮藏过程中内源GA3和ABA含量,并观察外源GA3、ABA以及去掉种皮对种子休眠及发芽的影响.结果表明,新采收的不同成熟度的种子发芽率不同,未完全成熟的二级种子最高,完全成熟的一级种子次之;随成熟度提高,种子中内源GA3含量逐渐下降.在室温或低温干燥贮藏条件下,随贮藏时间延长,发芽率增加,3个月左右达到最大值;干种子内源GA3含量却随贮藏时间延长而降低,仅在后期有所上升;外源GA 3处理对新采收和贮藏1-2个月的种子发芽率促进作用明显,但随贮藏时间延长而减弱.去掉种皮,裸胚发芽率增加幅度很大.在种子发育及贮藏过程中均没测出ABA,外源ABA处理种子,种子发芽率没明显变化.     

一串红新品种‘世纪红’

‘世纪红’是以‘奥运圣火1120’为母本,‘展望’为父本杂交选育得到的红色矮生直立型一串红新品种。生长开花整齐,夏秋季生长势强,抗高温、强光照能力强。从播种到开花需10周左右,适于北京地区夏季及“五一”和“十一”园林绿化中营造色带、花坛和花境。     

Reduced persistence of metalaxyl in soil associated with its failure to control cavity spot of carrots

Metalaxyl was used to control Pythium diseases of carrots in experiments on farms with a history of cavity spot. The first experiment compared the method of application (sprayed, banded or broadcast) and rate (0, 1.5, 3 or 6 kg a.i. ha⁻¹) one week after sowing. Three additional experiments compared the rate (0, 0.75, 1.5 or 3 kg a.i. ha⁻¹) and time (sowing, 1- to 2- or 4- to 5-true-leaf stage) of application. In expt 1, the application of metalaxyl, but not the method by which it was applied, increased yield by 20% and significantly reduced the incidence of cavity spot, forking and misshapen carrots. In expts 2, 3 and 4, neither the rate nor time of application affected yield or reduced the incidence of Pythium diseases. Comparison of the sites showed that they differed in past metalaxyl usage. Metalaxyl had not been used on the site of expt 1, but had been used previously at sites 2, 3 and 4. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether these differences in efficacy resulted from reduced sensitivity of Pythium isolates to metalaxyl, or reduced persistence of metalaxyl in soil. ED₅₀ values showed that there was no reduction in metalaxyl sensitivity. The half-life of metalaxyl was 82 days in soil from expt 1, but was 10 days or fewer in soils from expts 2, 3 and 4. Thus the failure of metalaxyl to control Pythium diseases was associated with reduced persistence in soil, not reduced sensitivity of the target fungi.     

Effects of Soil Fumigation and Flooding on Suppression of Pythium Root Rot in Ornamental Bulb Culture

The effects of flooding and soil fumigation with cis-dichloropropene or methylisothiocyanate (MIT) on disease suppression against Pythium spp. were tested in pot and field experiments in sandy soil. Disease suppression was reduced by both flooding and fumigation treatments, resulting in severe infection in Iris and Crocus and reduction of bulb yields. It is demonstrated that the disease suppression has a biological nature, and that disease severity is more related to effects of the soil treatments on the soil microflora than to the initial inoculum density of Pythium. After flooding, disease suppression was restored within the experimental period of two years, whereas after fumigation, disease suppression was only partially restored. The effect of repeated fumigation in two consecutive years on the disease suppression was less severe than the effect of a single fumigation treatment prior to cultivation of a susceptible crop.     

5个一串红品种耐热性鉴定

一串红是夏季园林常见花卉,2008年北京奥运会召开期间正值北京地区夏季高温天气,为使一串红发挥出很好的景观效应,选用耐热性好的品种是关键措施之一。通过对自育的1120#、12#、73#品种和国外引进的展望、王后共5个一串红品种在热胁迫处理下叶绿素含量、电导率、MDA和脯胺酸含量测定,结果表明,随着热处理时间延长,展望和王后叶片叶绿素下降速度最大、细胞膜伤害率上升最快、MDA含量达最大、脯氨酸含量增幅较小,是最不耐热的2个品种,1120#、12#和73#品种耐热性较好。这种耐热性差异在北京地区夏季盆花生产中也得到证实。因此,在夏季高温季节种植一串红,建议选用耐热性较好的1120#、12#和73#品种。