21种天然产物对小麦根腐病菌的抑菌活性

为探索小麦根腐病生防途径,筛选有效抑菌物质,达到农药减量的目的。以禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)、刺腐霉菌(Pythium spinosum)和小麦离蠕孢菌(Bipolaris sorokiniana)为供试材料,采用菌丝生长法测定了21种天然产物的抑菌活性。结果表明,反式细辛醚和顺式细辛醚对禾谷镰刀菌效果显著,EC₅₀值分别为69.99 mg/L和130.23 mg/L;白藜芦醇、顺式细辛醚和柠檬精油对刺腐霉菌有明显抑菌活性,EC₅₀值分别为24.4683 mg/L、71.02 mg/L和79.83 mg/L;丁香酚油和白藜芦醇对小麦根腐离蠕孢菌抑菌活性显著,EC₅₀值分别为14.06 mg/L和22.09 mg/L。因此,丁香酚、反式细辛醚、顺式细辛醚、白藜芦醇能有效抑制小麦根腐病菌的生长,在小麦根腐病生物防治方面具有很大应用潜力。     

多效唑对一串红穴盘苗育苗质量的影响

以一串红穴盘苗为研究材料,研究了多效唑在一串红穴盘苗上施用的最佳时期及浓度。结果表明,三叶一心期50 mg.L-1处理为最佳施用时期及浓度,可以比对照降低株高40%,增加茎粗23%,增加叶片厚度154%,增加全株干重35%,根系活力提高77%。最终,壮苗指数比对照增加了177%,主要是由于株高的降低,茎粗和叶片厚度的增加促进了同化物质的积累,使幼苗强壮。     

9种嗜热菌处理猪粪堆肥对一串红生长的影响

研究了不同的外源菌剂处理过的猪粪堆肥对植物生长的影响,首先从北京周边地区的养殖场猪粪、垃圾场中筛选出了9株高效降解有机物的嗜热菌,将其扩大培养,分别接种到猪粪中,堆肥发酵。经发酵完全后。作基肥对一串红进行种植试验,观察其对一串红生长的影响。从株高、叶量、冠幅、根长、叶绿素含量等方面进行了观测,通过主成分分析方法,计算出了一串红生长的形态和生理两个主要指标,继而通过此指标来检测了这9种猪粪堆肥对一串红生长的影响。结果表明：接种外源菌种处理的猪粪堆肥对在形态方面对一串红生长有较好的影响。其中GX-3菌种在堆肥过程中有利于腐殖酸的形成,从而促进了一串红的形态生长。     

一串红SRAP标记的建立与品种鉴定

为建立一串红相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记,对引物、dNTP、模板DNA、Taq酶用量及退火温度等因素进行了优化,并用建立的SRAP标记对17个一串红品种进行了鉴定。通过测试,确定了适宜一串红的SRAP-PCR反应体系,反应总体积25 μL,包含PCR缓冲液(含2.0 mmol·L-1 MgCl2),模板DNA 60 ng, dNTP 0.2 mmol·L-1,引物0.4 μmol·L-1,Taq酶1 U。温度梯度试验结果表明,SRAP-PCR对第二阶段的退火温度变化(44～56℃)不敏感。在优化SRAP-PCR体系的基础上,采用44对引物组合对17个一串红品种进行了分析。共筛选到37个多态性引物组合。这些引物组合的多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.215～0.941,平均为0.672;所揭示的基因型数为2～17个, 平均为6.76个。仅用F1/R1这一个引物组合就可以鉴别参试的17个品种,包括形态上非常相近的品种‘神州红’和‘帝王’,表明SRAP对一串红品种具有较强的鉴别能力。     

西瓜绵腐病菌生物学特性研究

本文针对辽宁省西瓜生产上近年趋重发生的绵腐病,通过病原菌形态特征观察、柯赫氏法则证病试验、rDNA-ITS序列测定及分析,确定其致病菌为瓜果腐霉(Pythium a phanidermatum);并对该病原菌的主要生物学特性进行了研究.试验结果表明:菌丝在黄瓜煎汁培养基、蔗糖培养基、硫酸铵、甘氨酸培养基中生长最适;其生长最适温度35℃,最适pH为6～8;光照对菌丝生长影响较小;菌丝致死温度为51℃,10 min.产生孢子囊以菠菜煎汁培养基为最适,在麦芽糖、硝酸钾培养基中孢子囊产生量最大;产生孢子囊的最适温度为25℃、最适pH为8;光照培养产生孢子囊数量最多.     

寡雄腐霉分泌物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用及其对番茄灰霉病的防治效果

为了探明寡雄腐霉分泌物中小分子量物质对病原真菌的作用,应用玻璃纸法和生长速率法测定了分子量小于8 kD的寡雄腐霉分泌物对9种植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,分子量小于8 kD的寡雄腐霉分泌物能强烈抑制森禾腐霉、灰葡萄孢、黄色镰刀菌的菌丝生长,抑菌率分别达到88．9%、86．7%和84．6%;对供试的4种腐霉以及尖孢镰刀菌的4个专化型的抑菌率均达显著性差异。在扫描电镜下可见,经寡雄腐霉分泌物处理的灰葡萄孢菌,菌丝细胞壁破裂、穿孔、干瘪,且菌丝分化出的分生孢子梗少,产孢量明显下降。温室盆栽试验表明,寡雄腐霉滤液对番茄灰霉病具有显著的预防保护作用与治疗作用,其预防保护作用与杀菌剂多菌灵1000倍的防治效果达到同一显著水平。     

Epidemiological Survey of Equine Pythiosis in the Brazilian Pantanal and Nearby Areas: Results of 76 Cases

A clinical epidemiological study was conducted among 34 rural properties located within the Brazilian Pantanal region and nearby areas between 2007 and 2010. The diagnosis of equine pythiosis was based on antibody detection (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), polymerase chain reaction, histopathological analysis, and cultures positive for Pythium insidiosum. The majority of the affected animals (85%) were in the Pantanal biome, which had a higher disease prevalence (0.9%-66.7%) than that of the Cerrado (2.7%-33.3%). The disease was more prevalent in the rainy season (January-March), with an abrupt fall in the number of cases during the drought period (April–September; correlation of R² = 0.77; P < .01). Generally, the average prevalence of equine pythiosis in both regions was 5%, with mortality and lethality rates of 1.3% and 23.1%, respectively, in the Pantanal and 2.3% and 45.5%, respectively, in the Cerrado. However, the treatment with immunotherapy may have underestimated these numbers, especially in the Pantanal. Animals older than 1 year were 8.09 times more affected by the disease than younger animals in the same environment (P < .05). A correlation between the anatomical area of the lesion and the type of skin color was also observed. Approximately 73% of the lesions were found in dark-pigmented areas, and animals with a dark coat color were affected more frequently. These findings highlight the importance of hematophagous insects in the epidemiology of pythiosis because these areas are preferred for blood feeding.     

不同植物生长调节剂对西洋红插枝生根的影响

分析了不同植物生长调节剂IBAI、AA、2,4-D等对西洋红插枝生根的效应。结果表明,不同植物生长调节剂对西洋红插枝生根的影响不同,同一植物生长调节剂不同浓度对其生根的影响也不同,其中IBA 500 mg/L(处理插枝基部3 h)效果最好;IAA浓度为300 mg/L(处理插枝基部3 h)效果最好;2,4-D浓度为2 mg/L(处理插枝基部2.5 h)效果最好。     

修复植物香薷堆肥对缺铜土壤上冬小麦生长和铜吸收的初步研究

通过堆积腐解处理生长在Cu污染土壤上的修复植物-海州香薷,将其研制成堆肥,作为基肥施用于缺Cu土壤,以矫正作物缺Cu症状。盆栽试验研究了这种堆肥对冬小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)生长和Cu吸收的影响。结果表明,施用海州香薷堆肥可显著提高生长在缺Cu土壤上的小麦的株高、生物量和籽实千粒重。与CK相比,千粒重可提高58.9%,籽实产量提高近1倍;而在这种缺Cu土壤上单纯施加N、P、K化肥,反而降低小麦生物量和籽实千粒重。可见,将Cu污染土壤上生长的修复植物海州香薷制成堆肥,施用于缺Cu土壤是一种可实现修复植物资源化的有效途径。     

What is your diagnosis? Lymph node cytology from a dog

Abstract: A 2‐year‐old, castrated male, mixed‐breed dog was presented to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center with swelling, edema, ulceration, and draining tracts in the region surrounding the left hock. The dog had mild monocytosis and moderate hyperglobulinemia. Fine‐needle aspirate specimens of the left popliteal lymph node revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis with hyphal organisms. The diameters of the hyphae were variable, ranging from 11 to 22 μm. The organism was considered as most consistent with Lagenidium caninum; although Pythium insidiosum or Lagenidium karlingii were not conclusively excluded, hyphal diameter in these organisms is typically smaller (6.6–8.8 and 2.5–11 μm, respectively). A positive Western blot confirmed the presence of serum antibodies reactive against Lagenidium sp. and the absence of antibodies to P. insidoisum, Basidiobolus, and Conidiobolus antibodies. Careful assessment of hyphal diameter in cytologic specimens may be useful in differentiating L. caninum from P. insidiosum or L. karlingii.