鹿蹄草资源的开发与利用研究

探讨了传统药用植物鹿蹄草在食品、园林绿化、化工、生物领域的开发和应用,分析了应用中存在的问题,并对未来的开发和利用进行展望。     

圆叶决明对土杂鸡生产性能和生化指标的影响

选取8周龄健康土杂鸡240羽,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复40羽,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮为每羽基础日粮添加3 g圆叶决明种子粉(120目),试验期30 d。观测圆叶决明对土杂鸡生产性能、血脂指标、肌肉胆固醇含量、肝脏中3-羟基-3甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HM G-CoA)还原酶活性及转氨酶活性的影响。结果表明:①在肉鸡生产性能方面,对照组和试验组没有显著差异(P>0.05);②圆叶决明种子粉能明显降低肉鸡血清总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度酯蛋白含量(LDL-C)(P<0.05),显著升高血清高密度酯蛋白(HDL-C)含量(P<0.05);③试验组肉鸡肌肉的总胆固醇(TCHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);④通过对肉鸡谷丙转氨酶(A ST)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)活性的检测,表明饲喂圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡肝脏没有损伤作用;⑤圆叶决明种子粉剂能显著降低3-羟基-3甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HM G-CoA)还原酶活性。     

青苹果竹芋平脐蠕孢叶斑病病原菌的鉴定

A new leaf spot disease on Calathea rotundifolia cv. fasciata was observed in Guangdong, China. The pathogen of this disease was identified by pathogenicity, morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequences analysis of ITS, TEF and GAPDH. The result showed that leaf spot of C. rotundifolia cv. fasciata was caused by Bipolaris sivanesaniana. This is the first report of leaf spot disease on C. rotundifolia cv. fasciata caused by B. sivanesaniana.The results of host range determination showed that B. sivanesaniana could also infect Calathea veitchiana and cause leaf spot. This study will facilitate the timely detection and management of Bipolaris leaf spot.     

CO2摩尔分数升高对兴安鹿蹄草光合生理特性的影响

兴安鹿蹄草是北方针阔混交林的指示植物,对CO2的升高敏感而直接.在人工控制CO2摩尔分数梯度条件下,分别测量了兴安鹿蹄草老叶与新叶从4-9月份的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶面饱和蒸气压亏缺(Vp,d,l)对连续CO2摩尔分数增大的响应.结果表明:兴安鹿蹄草老叶与新叶随着CO2摩尔分数的升高其净光合速率也随之升高,兴安鹿蹄草老叶的CO2饱和点为1 300 μmol·mol-1,新叶的CO2饱和点为700μmol·mol-1;5月份的净光合速率明显高于4、6月份的,6-9月份兴安鹿蹄草新叶净光合速率差异不显著.兴安鹿蹄草老叶与新叶在不同月份随着胞间CO2摩尔分数的升高,气孔导度呈现不同的变化规律,蒸腾速率的大小与气孔导度的大小呈显著的正相关;各个月份兴安鹿蹄草叶片饱和蒸汽压亏缺几乎不随胞间CO2摩尔分数的变化而变化,但各个月份差异较大;兴安鹿蹄草老叶与新叶在各个月份随着CO2摩尔分数的升高水分利用效率(WU,E)都表现出逐渐增高的趋势,其中5月份的WU,E明显高于其他各个月份的.     

干旱胁迫对圆叶决明种子萌发的影响

通过聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）溶液模拟干旱条件,分别对圆叶决明CPI86134与CPI34721种子进行胁迫处理,测定不同胁迫梯度下,发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽势、胚根/胚芽比值等指标的变化情况,据此综合评定两者的抗旱性。结果表明,不同浓度的PEG胁迫环境对圆叶决明种子萌发有显著影响,随着干旱胁迫程度加大,对种子萌发的抑制作用明显增强,活力指数对PEG胁迫的反应更敏感。CPI34721与CPI86134种子萌发受干旱胁迫抑制的程度不同,其中CPI34721较弱,CPI86134相对较强。萌发初期,CPI34721的发芽率、相对发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽势、发芽指数等指标与CPI86134比较都表现出较高的数值。     

鹿蹄草属植物资源开发利用

概述了鹿蹄草属植物的植物学特征及其分布,阐述了鹿蹄草属植物的多种利用价值,提出了目前在开发利用中存在的问题,并对其开发利用前景进行展望。     

圆叶决明辐射选育新品系86134R1的抗旱生理

以闽引圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)CPI86134及其辐射选育新品系86134R1为材料,采用盆栽控水试验的方法,研究干旱胁迫对其叶片若干生理指标的影响.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长,圆叶决明的叶片保水力和脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势,叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量呈下降趋势:而可溶性蛋白质含量随干旱胁迫程度的加重而升高,随胁迫时间的延长而降低.通过对干旱胁迫下CPI86134与86134R1几项抗旱生理指标的比较,显示辐射选育新品系86134R1比CPI86134具有更好的耐旱性.     

鹿蹄草等中草药对油桃采后褐腐病抑制效果研究

在离体和活体条件下,测定鹿蹄草、厚朴等中草药单剂及鹿蹄草为主的各中草药复配组合对油桃采后褐腐病菌的抑制效果。结果表明:11号(鹿蹄草+厚朴+大黄),14号(鹿蹄草+高良姜+虎杖)复配组合在离体试验中抑菌效果最好,10 mg/mL浓度的抑制率分别达到89.77%,85.50%;两种组合的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别是1.25,2.5 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别是2.5,5.0 mg/mL。活体抑菌测定结果表明,11号和14号复配组合对油桃褐腐病菌有不同程度延缓侵染和抑制作用,但不能完全防治;0.05 mg/mL扑海因与11号组合20 mg/mL,0.10 mg/mL扑海因与11号组合10 mg/mL均能完全抑制褐腐病菌在油桃果实上的发生和蔓延。     

施氮对圆叶决明生物固氮及氮肥利用效率的影响

采用15N同位素示踪方法,对不同施氮水平下的圆叶决明生物固氨水平,氮肥的分配、氮素来源.以及氮肥的利用率、土壤残留、挥发损失进行研究.结果表明:圆叶决明生物固氮百分率随着施氮水平的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,并在N2(30mg/kg)水平下达到最高,为29.50%,之后逐渐下降,且各处理间差异极显著.随着施氮量的增加圆叶决明对肥料氮的吸收增加,而对土壤氮的吸收降低.在较低(N2)施氮水平下,圆叶决明所需的氮主要来自土壤氮(56.17%)和生物固氮(29.50%);较高(N4)施氮条件下圆叶决明所需的氮主要由肥料氮(43.46%)和土壤氮(45.49%)提供.随着施氮水平的提高,圆叶决明氮肥利用率也逐渐降低,而氮素残留率逐渐升高.就氮肥损失率而言,N1(15 mg,kg)、N2(30 mg/kg)和N,(45 mg/kg)处理间的差异不显著,N4(60mg/kg)处理损失率最小.     

Stilbene Levels in the Tissue and Juice of Muscadine Grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)

Abstract

Stilbenes are secondary metabolites of a class of non-flavanoid phenolics found in certain species of Vitis. This class of compounds includes resveratrol and a resveratrol glucoside called piceid that exists in trans and cis forms. This study was undertaken to determine the cis and trans forms of both resveratrol and piceid in the skin, pulp, seeds, and juice of nine cultivars of muscadine grapes and three cultivars of Vitis labruscana. Juice samples of the muscadine cultivars ‘Fry’, ‘Hunt’, ‘Magnolia’, ‘Watergate’, ‘Carlos’, ‘Noble’, and ‘Sweet Jenny’, and the V. labruscana cultivars ‘Albermarle’, ‘Miss Blanc’, ‘MidSouth’ and ‘Miss Blue’ were harvested at the full ripe stage and divided into two sub-samples. One subsample was used to extract juice and the other was divided into skins, pulp, and seeds. Sample analysis was performed using HPLC with a UV detector. Sample chromatagrams were compared with those of known standards for quantification. ‘Carlos’ and ‘Magnolia’ had the greatest total stilbene concentration in skin tissue and had bronze skin containing higher concentrations of total stilbenes than any of the black-skinned cultivars tested. Only one bronze skin cultivar, ‘Sweet Jenny’, had lower stilbenes than the dark skin cultivars. Piceid, cis piceid and resveratrol were found in the skins of all cultivars. ‘Carlos’ ‘Magnolia’, ‘Fry’ and ‘Albermarle’ muscadines contained cis resveratrol in the skins of the fruit. ‘Watergate’ was the only cultivar in which resveratrol was detected in seed tissue. ‘Sweet Jenny’ had the highest levels of cis piceid in seed tissue. ‘Albermarle’, ‘Carlos’ and ‘Sweet Jenny’ had significantly greater levels of cis picied in pulp tissue than all other cultivars.