鹿蹄草属植物资源开发利用

概述了鹿蹄草属植物的植物学特征及其分布,阐述了鹿蹄草属植物的多种利用价值,提出了目前在开发利用中存在的问题,并对其开发利用前景进行展望。     

鹿蹄草对两种储粮害虫成虫的毒力测定

用鹿蹄草(Pyrola decorata)的萃取物对玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)和谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)进行了毒力测定。测定结果为：玉米象y=1．9799x 2．9761，谷蠹y=1．7407x 2．8173。加入增效醚后，玉米象y=1．8603x 3．6897，谷蠹y=1．5779x 2．8751。实验结果表明鹿蹄草对以上两种害虫均有毒力，加入增效醚，对玉米象的毒力有所增加，但对谷蠹无显著变化。     

The 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative from Pyrola rotundifolia activates AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes

An aqueous ethanol extract of Pyrola rotundifolia L. induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation a 2-methyl-7-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, or a 7′-hydroxy-chimaphilin, which showed concentration-dependent AMPK phosphorylation activity at 2.5–20 μg/ml. At a concentration of 10 μg/ml (50 μM), an approximately four-fold increase in the AMPKα(Thr¹⁷²) phosphorylation level was observed. The stimulatory effect of naphthoquinone on AMPK activity was comparable to that of known compounds found in natural sources that activate the AMPK signaling pathway.     

Effect of Endophytic Fungus on Pyrola calliantha H. Andr Responsed to Cold Stress

This study measured the antioxidant enzyme activities of Pyrola under cold and endophytic fungal infection conditions[i.e.,peroxidase (POD),catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)],and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),soluble sugar and soluble protein.In addition,the changes in the anatomical structure of Pyrola vegetable organ during cold stress upon inoculation with a synergistic endophytic fungus were also analyzed.It was found that the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents and POD,SOD and CAT activies of Pyrola all increased,when the plants were exposed to temperature of–5℃.In particular,the MDA contents and the POD activies significantly increased compared with those of the control.In addition,the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents increased during the treatment,which involved in both inoculation with an endophytic fungus and low temperature;however,with a reduction in the concentration of endophytic fungus,those two indicators decreased.The optimal concentration of endophytic fungus was 5×10~7 cfu ·mL~(-1).From the anatomical structure of Pyrola root,endophytic fungi were found to improve the health of Pyrola in cold weather.These results showed that endophytic fungi played a vital role in the growth of Pyrola,which was an evergreen plant that could survive exposure to low temperature.     

雪盖对兴安鹿蹄草叶片叶绿素与花青素含量影响

运用分光光度法测定了兴安鹿蹄草在雪盖前期、雪盖期及雪盖后期的叶绿素和花青素含量变化,结果表明：在雪盖前期,从10月初到11月中旬,叶绿素、花青素含量、叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值随着气温的降低而增高,但叶绿素与花青素比值随气温降低而降低;雪被覆盖期,从12月初到翌年3月初,由于被积雪覆盖,叶绿素含量低于雪盖前期,叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值明显增高。花青素含量从12月中旬开始降低,叶绿素与花青素比值降到最低值;雪盖后期,3月初至3月中旬,叶绿素含量高于雪被覆盖期,4月初有所下降,之后又回升,叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值明显低于雪被覆盖期,花青素含量从3月中旬开始明显下降,4月初又开始升高。叶绿素与花青素比值明显高于雪被覆盖期。     

鹿蹄草有效成分分析及应用初探

本文对陕西省太白山鹿蹄草中的氨基酸、熊果戒等营养和有效成分进行了定量分析，并就鹿蹄草在食品领域的应用进行了初步探讨和推论。     

鹿蹄草内生真菌提取物对生菜抗寒生理的影响

为弄清内生真菌提取物对植物抗寒能力的作用机理,以鹿蹄草内生真菌提取物及生菜幼苗为材料,在低温胁迫下对生菜幼苗进行不同浓度的内生真菌提取物喷施,测定生菜叶片中各种保护酶(SOD、POD和CAT)和可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明:叶片的可溶性蛋白含量和SOD呈先升后降趋势,均在处理3d时达峰值,3%浓度内生真菌提取物处理生菜幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量高于其他4组,SOD、POD和CAT活性变化幅度小于其他4组。鹿蹄草内生真菌提取物可提高植物抗寒能力,3%浓度效果显著。     

鹿蹄草菌根真菌的分离与鉴定

为鹿蹄草耐寒性与其菌根真菌的关系研究奠定基础,对采集于黑龙江省伊春市凉水自然保护区的野生鹿蹄草根部真菌进行分离,根据形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析进行鉴定。结果表明:分离到的菌株分为8个形态类型且菌落颜色、质地和外形不同;菌丝特征差异较大,多具隔膜;8株菌株的生长速度不同,生长最快的菌株培养15d,菌落直径达7.8cm;最慢的培养30d仅6.5cm;rDNA ITS序列分析显示,新丛赤壳属(Neonectria)1株、木霉属(Trichoderma)1株、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)1株和Uncultured fungus 5株,其中镰刀菌属真菌在鹿蹄草根中为首次发现。鹿蹄草能与多种属真菌建立共生关系,在一定程度上体现了鹿蹄草内生真菌的生物多样性。     

草本植物格局研究的透视采点法

基于帽儿山调查样地数据,应用"3S"处理技术并与均匀度理论相结合,提出一种新的草本植物格局研究方法——透视采点法。这里以帽儿山夏季草本植物鹿蹄草属中的兴安鹿蹄草(Pyrola dahurica)为研究对象,通过透视采点法及"3S"技术处理扫描的兴安鹿蹄草图像,来计算其均匀度的方法用以研究兴安鹿蹄草的分布格局。结果表明:兴安鹿蹄草的格局分布大多为随机格局,说明该种植物的散布没有内部相关性,即个体间没有明显的他感和排斥作用。     

太白山雅美鹿蹄草和鹿蹄草种群分布格局

应用扩散系数(C)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(M*)、聚块性指数(PA.I)4种聚集度指标,均匀度法,最近邻体法和Iwao方程对太白山雅美鹿蹄草和鹿蹄草种群空间分布格局进行研究.结果表明:2种鹿蹄草种群的空间分布格局为聚集分布;Iwao方程表明,2种群分布的基本成分均是个体群,但雅美鹿蹄草种群个体间相互吸引,鹿蹄草种群个体间相互排斥.