紫薯面加工工艺研究

[目的]得出高品质紫薯面条的工艺配方。[方法]以紫薯、面粉为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合的方法测定手工面条的烹煮损失率、断条率和感官评价值,研究紫薯面条的加工工艺配方。[结果]紫薯面产品的最佳配方为在面粉量为100 g时,紫薯添加量40%,水添加量36%,卡拉胶添加量0.5%,在此工艺条件下,产品断条率为0,烹煮损失率为10.1%。[结论]高品质紫薯面将会具有广阔的市场前景。     

不同土地利用方式对土壤动物多样性的影响研究

[目的]探讨不同土地利用方式对土壤动物群落结构和生物多样性的影响。[方法]于2006年冬季(12月)和2007年春季(5月),对四川紫色土丘陵区农田边界、农田、果园和退耕林地的土壤动物群落结构进行调查。[结果]共获得土壤动物8 589只,分别隶属于3门9纲31类。在个体数量上,果园、退耕林地和农田边界显著高于农田;在类群数量上,农田边界显著高于农田和退耕林地,果园也显著高于农田;对Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀性指数(J)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Margalef丰富度指数(M)和密度-类群指数(DG)5个多样性指标进行分析表明,与H'相比,DG表征的土壤动物多样性更能客观地反映土壤动物分布的真实情况;土壤动物群落主成分分析表明,农田边界、果园和退耕林地的土壤动物群落与农田之间有显著差异。[结论]该研究认为土地利用方式对土壤动物的群落结构有明显影响,农田边界的存在对土壤动物生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

不同光质对美国红栌光合特性的影响

以2 a生美国红栌为材料,对4种不同光质处理下叶片的光合特性进行了测定,结果表明,在不同光质处理下,美国红栌叶片的光合速率日变化趋势与对照类似,呈双峰曲线。其中,黄光处理的峰值较高,其他光质处理的峰值变化不明显,均有光合"午休"现象出现;蓝光处理对光合有效辐射日变化总量的削弱作用最为显著。     

Both anti-oxidation and lipid-carbohydrate conversion enhancements are involved in priming-improved emergence of Echinacea purpurea seeds that differ in size

This study evaluated the effects of priming on emergence responses of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) seeds. The seeds that differ in seed size were either primed with moistened vermiculite (solid matrix priming) or primed in non-aerated −0.5 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 solution at 25 °C for 6 days (osmopriming), followed by air-drying to their initial moisture level. The tetrazolium staining tests indicated that both large and small seeds were biochemically viable. No notable difference in germination percentage was found between large and small seeds. However, extensive cavity was visible in portions of small seeds in comparison with large seeds. Large seeds accumulated more antioxidants and had greater activities of anti-oxidative enzymes than small seeds. They also had greater isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activities than small seeds. As a result, large seeds had higher emergence percentage and faster emergence speed as compared to that of small seeds. Both solid matrix priming and osmopriming increased emergence percentage and shortened mean emergence time of purple coneflower seeds by increasing the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde and total peroxide accumulation. Moreover, priming also enhanced the anti-oxidative activities of treated seeds. The activities of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase were also increased in primed seeds. The enhanced anti-oxidation and lipid-carbohydrate conversion activities might explain in part why primed purple coneflower seeds emerged better than non-primed seeds.     

Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in runoff from a purple soil in an agricultural watershed

Nutrient loss from purple soils has been reported to increase pollution of the Yangtze River. However, few studies have addressed the variations of nutrient concentration in runoff during natural rainstorms in the regions. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in runoff waters from a small agricultural watershed, in the purple soil region of southwest China, were investigated for four natural rainstorms occurred in a conventional double cropping system (wheat-corn) and another six rainstorms in a new triple cropping system (wheat-corn-sweet potato). The NO₃⁻ concentrations in runoff for the observed rainstorms generally varied from 1.0 to 3.5 g m⁻³, which were noticeably affected by flow rates. A significant logarithmic correlation between NO₃⁻ concentrations and flow rates for each rainstorm was identified. In contrast, the concentrations of NH₄⁺ and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff fluctuated substantially without a noticeable trend for each rainstorm. Positive linear correlation between the concentrations of DRP and sediment for each rainstorm tested was found under the circumstances of double cropping system. In addition, the ratios of NO₃⁻ to NH₄⁺ for the loss amount in 10 rainstorms varied from 1 to 7 for the triple cropping system and 16-29 for the double cropping system. Furthermore, the ratios of the sum of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ to DRP for the loss amount in 10 rainstorms ranged from 12 to 79 depending on the cropping systems. Nitrate nitrogen was proved to be the main form of inorganic nitrogen loss in runoff water in the purple soil region. Compared with the conventional double cropping system, the new triple cropping system tends to cause more NH₄⁺ loss. These findings would help develop the effective erosion control strategies and select a suitable cropping system to reduce potential pollution hazards.     

紫色土的特性、改良措施及经济林栽培技术

为了合理开发利用紫色土,充分发挥紫色土的生产潜力,科学地在紫色土上栽培经济林,在前人及作者研究的基础上,对紫色土的特性、改良措施及经济林栽培技术进行了阐述。     

茶树紫色芽叶的绿茶适制性研究

以湖南农业大学长安教学基地的茶树群体品种芽叶为材料,运用高效液相色谱、常规理化分析与感官审评等方法,以正常芽叶为对照对紫色芽叶绿茶适制性进行了研究.结果表明,由紫色芽叶加工而成的绿茶样的多酚类含量、水浸出物含量均高于对照,感官品质在外形及香气方面显著优于对照.综合结果显示紫色芽叶加工绿茶具有一定的适制性.     

头孢霉素对红菜薹小孢子再生植株培养污染菌的抑制作用

红菜薹小孢子再生植株培养体系连续继代过程中,插入培养基的试管苗切口处有云雾状污染菌出现,在培养基中加入头孢霉素(300~500mg/L)可抑制污染菌的生长。结果表明:3个浓度(300、400、500mg/L)都能有效地抑制污染菌的污染,以300mg/L的浓度为佳,其对植株生长无明显影响。     

紫色土人工林林下植物区系与群落外貌的恢复过程

采用时空代换法,以福建省宁化县严重退化紫色土人工林生态系统为对象,按侵蚀强度由强到弱选取4种生态恢复措施Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,研究了植物多样性与生态系统过程的关系.结果表明,该紫色土退化生态系统的植物出现43科78属86种,种子植物属15个分布类型中出现12个.沿恢复梯度,植物的生活型谱逐渐丰富,种子植物属各分布区类型出现的属数趋于增加,各种叶特征所对应的植物属数依次增多.可见,生态恢复过程中的植物区系与群落外貌越来越复杂和多样化,该紫色土生态系统渐趋稳定.     

土地利用方式对紫色丘陵区土壤有机碳储藏特征的影响

采取野外调查与室内分析相结合方法,对紫色丘陵区林地、撂荒地、水田、旱地土壤剖面有机碳储藏特征进行了研究.结果表明,有机碳含量均随土层深度的增加而逐渐减小,但林地、旱地、撂荒地的降低速度明显高于水田,说明黏土颗粒对控制土壤有机碳含量起着重要的作用.水田、林地相比撂荒地、旱地更利于有机碳的积累,林地有机碳含量和密度在0～5 cm土层表现出绝对的优势.随着土层深度的增加,与水田、撂荒地和旱地的差异逐渐减小,且水田有机碳含量和密度在大于10 cm土层达最大值,而撂荒地有机碳含量和密度在0 ～20 cm土层高于旱地,说明深层土壤有机碳含量和密度的增加需要一个过程,只有当表层土壤的碳含量或密度达到饱和后才能逐渐对土壤深层的碳含量有所提高.