上海滨海旅游可持续发展研究

通过对上海滨海旅游度假区游客的调查,结合当地地理条件、社会发展和旅游经济的现状,从对游客的调查结果出发。分析了当前影响该滨海旅游度假区旅游经济收益和未来发展的制约因素,提出了景观建设的框架,为上海地区的滨海旅游开发保护及可持续发展提供决策依据。     

基于模糊相似优先比法划分与上海气候相似的美国区域

根据引种的气候相似性理论,选取美国207个气象站点1961～1990年的气象资料,以月最高温度的平均值、最低温度的平均值、平均温度、平均降水量、日平均日照时数及各地海拔高度作为分析因子,应用欧氏距离模糊相似优先比法,分析美国207个气象站点与上海间的气候差异,划分北美植物引入上海的引种适宜度,将引入上海的美国园林植物种源地划分为适宜区、次适宜区、不适宜区.     

上海市农村富余劳动力有效转移的研究与策略选择

科学分析我国快速转移农村劳动力的实践经验,结合当前各地的实际情况,需要充分认识加快农村富余劳动力转移的战略意义,着力谋划转移路径和加快政策保障体系建设,科学推进农村富余劳动力的有效转移。     

上海市色叶植物种类及应用

采用野外调查方法,研究了上海市郊绿地建设中的色叶植物种类、类型和造景方式,结果表明上海市目前绿地中应用的色叶植物有72种;类型上以季节型为主,占60%以上;色彩上以紫红、鲜红和红色为第一大色彩;丛植、色块和基础种植是色叶植物造景的主要方式;城区与郊区、新建居民区与旧居民区之间色叶植物应用发展不平衡。       

上海黄浦江倪家浜口浮游生物调查与水质评价

上海市黄浦江倪家浜口是中国2010年上海世博园后滩水系和东方体育中心人工湖的重要取水口,其水体状况直接影响世博园后滩湿地、世博园生活与日常杂用水,以及体育中心人工湖水体景观。为评估该地区水体健康状况,为后滩水系和人工湖取水工程建设与维护管理提供依据,我们根据2007年2月至12月倪家浜口不同潮位调查,分析了该区域浮游生物的种类组成、优势种类、物种多样性等特征参数的变化。调查期间共鉴定出浮游藻类8门45属,主要优势种为小席藻（Phormidium tenue）、四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）、极大螺旋藻（Spirulina maxima）等;浮游动物3门32种,主要优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、发头裸腹溞（Moina irrasa）等。叶绿素a含量表现出明显的季节变化。多样性分析显示,浮游藻类香农威尔指数为0.88～2.96,浮游动物香农威尔指数为0.92～2.98。数据分析表明,种类数及多样性指数与温度呈正比,倪家浜口处于中度富营养化状态,水质处于中-重污带级,且夏秋季水质优于冬春季,当天高潮时水质优于低潮。     

Image-based estimation of crown volume of individual street trees by plane calculation of angle disparity

Street trees provide significant and widespread environmental benefits to the city and its citizens, such as improved air quality and adaptation to climate change. Crown volume (CV) indicates the geometric volume of crown, which is an essential indicator for the ecological service evaluation of street trees. The measurement of CV makes it possible to assess the carbon storage and input cost of urban trees. Because of the particularity of crown shape of street trees, the existing two-dimensional methods of calculating CV of forest trees become difficult except the three-dimensional techniques through the unmanned aerial vehicle, LiDAR equipment, and traditional harvest methods. In this study, a new virtual research method for plane calculation of angle disparity (PCAD) is proposed to calculate the CV of street trees. Two temporal satellite images of the exact location were first collected from Google Earth Pro, and then the angle disparity of images was adopted as a starting point to calculate tree height. Finally, CV was calculated from tree height, stem height, and crown diameter. The feasibility of the method was verified by a sample survey of street trees in Shanghai, China and the relative error of CV calculation by PCAD compared to that by field survey was 17.31 %. PCAD has the advantages of low-cost, quick operation, and suitability for a large area in studying CV of street trees.     

国家现代农业示范区新型农业经营主体培育问题研究——以上海市浦东新区为例

十九大报告中首次提出“乡村振兴”战略,其中实现乡村振兴的一个关键点是培育新型农业经营主体。浦东新区作为国家首批现代农业示范区以及国家农产品质量安全县,在国内率先培育发展家庭农场、农民合作社,取得了明显成效,对全国农业的发展发挥了良好的示范作用。以上海市浦东新区为例,对全国其他同类地区具有较强的借鉴意义。对上海市浦东新区25个镇相关人员进行问卷调查和电话访谈,同时阅读相关文件和文献,分析上海市浦东新区新型农业经营主体发展特点、存在问题。结果显示,上海市浦东新区经营主体发展具有数量增长快、品牌化速度快以及发展模式多样化等特点,但在农业经营主体科技人才、农业生态补贴、农业信贷保险以及农业设施用地等方面还存在问题。因此,要引进农业科技人才,建立人才队伍;加大对农业生态补贴,科学合理施肥;大力推进农业保险,实现农业信贷多元化;破除农业用地限制,充分发挥土地利用价值。     

上海市杨浦区公园、道路绿地土壤物理性状及电导率分析

为了给土壤改良治理提供数据支撑,笔者采用环刀法测定杨浦区公园和道路绿地的土壤物理性质,使用便携式土壤水分测量仪测定电导率,使用便携式渗透仪现场观测土壤导水率。结果表明：杨浦区土壤电导率略高于标准值0.05 mS/cm3,土壤通气性不良,土壤非毛管孔隙度比城市园林绿化种植要求低5.88%。道路绿地土壤容重比标准高0.03 g/cm3、土壤总孔隙度比城市园林绿化种植最理想的标准低2.42%,公园绿地符合标准。道路绿地土壤含水量与持水能力均显著低于公园绿地。及时翻松地表土壤,通过堆积树皮、凋落叶增大土壤中腐殖质含量,降低土壤紧实度;加强日常养护管理,防止人为因素的破坏干扰;植物绿化种植过程中,从使植物群落结构丰富多样等方面入手改良土壤质量。     

大都市城镇居民对地产蔬菜的支付意愿研究——基于上海市532份消费者问卷调查数据的实证分析

基于上海市12个城区532份消费者问卷调查数据,选用假想价值评估法设计问卷,实证分析上海城镇居民消费者对地产绿叶菜的支付意愿及其影响因素,重点关注价格对消费者地产绿叶菜购买意愿的影响。研究发现,投标价格、蔬菜放心程度、地产蔬菜信任程度、购买成员、性别等变量显著影响消费者对地产蔬菜的支付意愿。具体而言,投标价格是影响支付意愿的主要因素,随着价格的增加消费者的支付意愿下降;消费者对蔬菜的放心程度越低,越倾向于购买地产绿叶菜,说明消费者对上海市地产绿叶菜质量安全总体信任度较高;消费者对地产蔬菜信任度越高,其额外支付意愿越高;男性消费者愿意为地产绿叶菜支付额外价格的可能性更大;相较于家庭中非主要购买成员,作为家庭中蔬菜主要购买成员的消费者愿意为地产蔬菜支付额外价格的可能性更大。计算得知,相比外地产绿叶菜,消费者愿意为地产绿叶菜额外支付2.12元/kg。根据结论提出加强食品质量安全监管提升蔬菜质量、稳控蔬菜价格、加强对消费者教育和宣传等措施。     

The structure and proximity mechanism of formal innovation networks: Evidence from Shanghai high‐tech ITISAs

The discussion on innovation networks of patents or papers has attracted many economic geographers; however, the Industrial Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance (ITISA) has been ignored, although it is also an important innovation form of firms, and the formation mechanism of alliance innovation networks is unclear. This study is based on the data of Shanghai high‐tech ITISAs between 2010 and 2015, and employs the methods of social networks and negative binomial regression to analyse the actor structure, spatial structure, and proximity mechanism of innovation networks of Shanghai high‐tech ITISAs. Results highlight the following: (a) Firms comprise the largest number of actors in alliance innovation networks, and universities, research institutions, and industry associations also play some roles. (b) The local and rooted characteristics of the innovation networks of ITISAs are obvious. The spatial distribution of innovation partners is mainly in Shanghai, and a few innovation actors are located in neighbouring cities, such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Ningbo in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. (c) Proximity significantly promotes the formation of innovation networks in an ITISA and contributes to the improvement of innovation ability, and organizational proximity plays a greater role than geographical proximity or cognitive proximity.