我国公共决策咨询现状及发展战略研究

公共决策咨询是一种非常重要的咨询形式,是我国决策科学化的重要手段和保证。本文在分析我国公共决策咨询的特点、功能以及所发挥的作用的基础上,了解我国公共决策咨询机构的现状,认真总结我国公共决策咨询所存在的问题,提出了一些能促进我国公共决策咨询系统的建设和完善的措施,使公共决策咨询能更好地为科学决策做出贡献。     

渔业公共资源管理的制度经济学探讨

渔业公共资源管理既是一个国际性难题,也是我国渔业现代化和市场经济进程中,必须面对和妥善解决的渔业公共资源问题.本文重点分析了当前我国渔业公共资源存在的冲突矛盾,揭示其内在共性特征,总结了福建省渔业公共资源管理的经验和管理模式,结合渔业公共资源管理现状,提出了进一步完善我国渔业公共资源管理的制度设计思路和体制机制设计的原则,研究了适应我国社会主义市场经济条件下的渔业公共资源管理思路.     

Variable-retention harvests in the Pacific Northwest: A review of short-term findings from the DEMO study

In the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the contiguous United States, retention of live (green) trees in harvest units is an integral part of forest management practices on federal lands, yet the ecological benefits that result from various levels or patterns of retained trees remain speculative. The Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study was established to address these informational gaps. The experimental design consists of six treatments, each 13 ha in size, replicated at six locations (blocks) in western Washington and Oregon. Treatments represent strong contrasts in retention level (15–100% of original basal area) and pattern (trees dispersed vs. aggregated in 1-ha patches) in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. A wide variety of ecological responses and public perceptions of visual quality have been examined; this paper provides a comprehensive review of the short-term (1–7 years) results of these studies. Level of retention had a strong effect on many responses. At 15% retention, regardless of pattern, microclimate, ecological responses, and public perceptions of visual quality did not differ from those measured in the “clearcut” areas of aggregated treatments. In contrast to level of retention, pattern of retention had limited effect on most measures of biological response. Small changes within forest aggregates were balanced by large changes in adjacent harvested areas, thus on average, responses within aggregated treatments were comparable to those in dispersed treatments. Nevertheless, retaining trees in 1-ha aggregates provided several benefits over dispersed retention. Aggregates greatly reduced damage to and mortality of residual trees (particularly at lower levels of retention) and provided short-term refugia for forest organisms sensitive to disturbance or environmental stress (e.g., bryophytes and late-seral herbs). However, aggregates were susceptible to edge effects (e.g., elevated light and temperature), which may compromise their ability to serve as sources for recolonization of adjacent harvested areas. Collectively, our findings suggest that retention levels >15% are needed to effectively retain sensitive plants and animals, ameliorate harsh microclimatic conditions, and gain public acceptance of retention harvests in these forests. A combination of relatively large (≥1 ha) aggregates and dispersed trees at levels considerably greater than current minimum standards in the PNW may be the most effective strategy for sustaining a broad array of forest values in managed stands.     

建德市公益林生态系统服务价值评价

对公益林生态系统服务功能和价值评估进行研究,为建德市公益林保护、规划和管理提供科学指导和理论依据。本文依据《生态系统服务功能评估规范》,结合涵养水源、保育土壤等8项指标,评价建德市公益林生态系统服务价值。结果表明,建德市公益林生态系统服务总价值81.64亿元,其中涵养水源效益25.22亿元,固土保肥效益4.43亿元,固碳释氧效益12.53亿元,积累营养效益0.48亿元,森林游憩效益22.19亿元,净化大气效益3.21亿元,生物多样性保护效益12.13亿元,森林防护效益1.45亿元。公益林生态系统服务价值远高于其直接利用价值,表明应继续实施生态补偿政策,努力提高生态补偿标准。     

城市体育中心植物景观设计研究

针对我国城市体育中心植物景观设计中存在的问题,探讨了城市体育中心植物景观设计的原则,并对体育中心的植物景观设计进行了初步的研究,旨在为城市体育中心的植物景观设计提供切实可用的设计原则与方法。     

绿道体育协同发展问题分析——以珠三角为例

运用文献资料、博弈分析、逻辑推理等方法,对珠三角绿道体育发展的协同问题进行了模型分析。研究结果表明,绿道体育的发展涉及方方面面,社会心理因素错综复杂,绿道体育文化各抒己见,绿道网络建设区域分属不同,绿道体育发展存在突出的协同问题,需要构建协同发展模式,平衡各方利益关系,使绿道体育具备可持续发展的现实基础,符合幸福广东建设的客观要求。     

城市公园中的社会公众需求分析

城市公园的设计和改造应充分考虑人的行为规律,创造令公众舒适、愉悦、优美的空间。从社会公众需求的角度出发,提出城市公园应该满足人的基本需求和人对自然环境的需求,并对公园中不同使用人群的需求进行深入研究,提出应对的措施和方法。     

大型体育赛事与城市文化传承的关系研究*

大型体育赛事作为一种影响城市精神价值和城市居民生活方式的社会性社会活动,已成为城市政府构建和传承城市文化的重要平台。从规模、形态、效果、生态、传承五个视角透视在推进大型体育赛事与城市体育文化双向驱动过程中应承担的责任和义务,且大型体育赛事在打造城市文化交流平台、展示城市个性靓丽标识、促进城市多元文化融合共生、促成城市文化旅游耦合契机、城市历史脉络的发散延续、城市文化生态的继承演进和形成城市文化功能区的孵化地等方面体现其重要作用和地位。     

台湾运动休闲专业就业现状分析对中国大陆的启示

通过文献资料法,比较分析法分析台湾运动休闲相关系所毕业生就业状况。了解台湾社会对休闲专业毕业生的需求、就业趋向、就业质量等方面情况。研究结果表明：台湾地区休闲相关本科就业趋向排名前三的分别为：餐饮类、旅游类、服务类行业,研究生就业趋向排名前三的分别为：教育类、服务类、餐饮类行业。而中国大陆则一边倒的均为教育类,分析海峡两岸休闲专业就业趋向现状及原因,发现存在的问题,为中国大陆休闲体育专业毕业生就业发展及相关研究提供参考。