The curative and antioxidative efficiency of doramectin and doramectin+vitamin AD3E treatment on Psoroptes cuniculi infestation in rabbits

In the present study, the efficiency of the administration of doramectin (DOR) and DOR+vitamin AD3E (VIT), and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in rabbits infested by Psoroptes cuniculi (P. cuniculi) were investigated. DOR (200 microg/kg) and DOR (200 microg/kg)+VIT AD3E were administered to infested rabbits intramuscularly (IM). The administration of DOR and DOR+VIT improved the healing of ear lesions on day seven. Increase in the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity, and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in infested rabbits. In the rabbits which were administered DOR+VIT, plasma MDA levels decreased, and erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities increased on day seven. In conclusion, DOR and DOR+VIT combination were effective against P. cunuculi infestation. Infestation stimulated oxidative stress. VIT treatment resulted in antioxidant activity against oxidative stress induced by P. cuniculi infestation.     

自然感染兔脑炎原虫獭兔肾上皮细胞凋亡的研究

运用透射电镜术、原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)和流式细胞术对11只自然感染兔脑炎原虫獭兔的肾脏进行了细胞凋亡研究，5只健康长耳白兔用作对照。结果表明．凋亡细胞多见于远曲小管和集合管的上皮细胞。用透射电镜观察，初期的凋亡细胞，其细胞核的染色质高度凝集，边缘化，粗面内质网增多、扩张呈泡状；后期的凋亡细胞，其细胞质浓缩．细胞膜起泡，细胞核分裂成块状，最后形成膜包裹的凋亡小体。TUNEL法检测，病变轻微的细胞，胞核微缩，胞膜增厚；病变严重的细胞，其胞核体积明显缩小，胞膜皱缩，最后形成膜包裹的凋亡小体。流式细胞术检测，病兔可呈现明显的亚“G1”峰，凋亡细胞百分比与对照兔相比差异极显著(P=0．01)，且病兔。肾细胞的周期也有所改变。结果表明，3种方法检测的病兔肾上皮细胞凋亡数均高于对照免。     

兔脑炎原虫病患兔血清中IgG的测定

以临床症状和病理学变化确诊为兔脑炎原虫感染的家兔为研究对象 ,经间接 EL ISA法对其机体体液免疫状况进行研究 ,并与健康家兔进行比较 ,结果表明兔脑炎原虫病兔外周血 Ig G含量明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。提示兔脑炎原虫入侵兔体后 ,病兔体液免疫功能有所增强。     

CTA制剂对兔耳痒螨感染的保护性免疫

为观察CTA制剂对兔耳痒螨病（Psoropies Cuniculi）的保护性免疫效果,本试验以自然感染耳痒螨的新西兰肉兔为试验动物,分别在试验起始第1天和第14天皮下注射CTA制剂（15mg/kg体重）,每周检测试验兔患部耳痒螨痂皮的得分及血清抗兔耳痒螨抗原特异性抗体（P.C抗体）ELISA滴度共8周。试验结果为:耳痒螨病兔注射CTA后4周末,患部痂皮脱落,虫体及虫卵基本消失,耳道外观恢复正常。血清P.C抗体含量自注射后3周末开始升高,4周末达最大值（ELISA滴度6400）,5～8周维持在较高水平（ELISA滴度3200）。试验结果提示,CTA制剂能诱导产生对兔耳痒螨的循环抗体和保护作用     

Microsporidia (Encephalitozoon cuniculi) in wild rabbits in Australia

Objective To determine the prevalence of infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi i n wild rabbit populations in Western Australia, and to isolate the organism from seropositive rabbits.
Design Serological screening of wild and clinically affected domestic rabbit populations.
Sample population Eighty-one wild rabbits from southwestern Western Australia and 29 laboratory rabbits.
Procedure Indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique and in-vitro amplification of parasite isolates in fibroblast cultures.
Results Of the 81 wild rabbits and 29 laboratory rabbits, 20 and 22 respectively, had antibodies to E cuniculi . E cuniculi from the urine of one seropositive laboratory rabbit and from brain and kidney tissues of eight and five seropositive laboratory and wild rabbits respectively were isolated in fibroblast cultures.
Conclusion E cuniculi infection has been shown for the first time to be prevalent in wild rabbits in Australia. Techniques have been developed for the isolation and culture of the causative agent. Comparative studies can now be undertaken to determine risk factors for clinical disease in domestic rabbits and the relationship among E cuniculi isolates from wild and domestic rabbits.     

Phacoemulsification for the management of Encephalitozoon cuniculi-induced phacoclastic uveitis in a rabbit

Phacoemulsification was performed on a New Zealand White rabbit with slowly progressive unilateral phacoclastic uveitis and cataract formation. The irrigating solution with lenticular contents were centrifuged and examined cytologically using Weber's chromotrope-based stain. Microsporidial spores were observed and positively identified as Encephalitozoon cuniculi via polymerase chain reaction. More than 1 year following surgical therapy, the rabbit is visual and comfortable without medications.     

阿苯达唑对自发性兔脑炎原虫病的治疗

为了有效地治疗兔脑炎原虫病,本研究根据脑炎原虫的生物学特点和对组织损伤的特征选用阿苯达唑进行了治疗试验。将28只3～4月龄隐性感染的獭兔,随机分为对照组和治疗组进行试验。治疗组按30mg／kg剂量（首次给药量为50mg／kg）,每隔12h给药1次,连续用药10d,停药1周为1个治疗期,共治疗3个疗程。对照组按正常饲养。每1疗程之后,均采血和尿液进行ELISA检测和尿沉渣虫体检查。结果,治疗组的病兔用阿苯达唑治疗3个疗程后,ELISA检测的D值均低于标准值（〈0．044）,即抗脑炎原虫血清抗体呈阴性反应,从尿沉渣中也不能检出虫体。而对照组病免的D值则大大高于正常值．从尿沉渣中均易检出虫,并有1只对照兔出现典型的神经症状,剖检后从脑组织中检出脑炎原虫性肉芽肿。经方差分析,2组间差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。试验证明,阿苯达唑对兔脑炎原虫有良好治疗作用,用药的时机以脑炎原虫还未进入脑组织时最合适,用药的剂量一定要保持有效的杀虫浓度。