单株幼龄苹果树修剪仿真研究

修剪是果树生产中重要的技术手段,要想研究更加合理的修剪技术体系,就必须保证能够对修剪反应有准确、直观和及时的判断,而仿真模拟技术提供了这种可能。以幼龄苹果树为研究对象,采用不同修剪处理对比的方法,在田间试验的基础上,总结修剪反应规律,构建苹果树结构和修剪模型。在此基础上基于Qt框架和OpenGL图形库,开发了单株苹果树修剪仿真软件平台。结合优化算法,通过仿真平台模拟了给定生产目标的修剪方案优化,优化结果对虚拟学习和实际生产提供了可视化指导。     

修枝对樟子松人工林生长的影晌

以塞罕坝机械林场境内的25a生樟子松人工林为研究对象,用标准地调查法对其进行每木检尺,并进行分析比较。结果表明,人工修枝可以促进樟子松人工林胸径的生长,但不影响其树高的生长。     

“冬芽定量”对“金魁”猕猴桃生产影响研究

冬芽管理是猕猴桃树体管理的重要技术环节。适宜的高质量冬芽保留,可较准确预测果实数量,提高果实大小一致性。本研究在江西省猕猴桃主栽区奉新县的赤岸镇山口果园,以10年生“金魁”猕猴桃为研究对象,研究冬芽保留数量对果实生产的影响。试验设置4个处理,每个处理以贝为单位（bay, 四根水泥柱围成的面积,18 m2）,每处理冬芽保留量处理1约为400个、处理2约为450个、处理3约为500个、处理4约为550个,每处理3次重复。结果表明：1）4个处理的冬芽保留量不影响新梢萌发量;2）处理1成花量显著大于其他处理;处理1和2,花芽/冬芽显著大于处理3和4;3）单位新梢上成花量,处理2显著大于其他3个处理;4）4个处理中,挂果量和产量没有显著差异,冬芽保留处理1的果实更大,更均匀,小果和超大果比例更小,即单位面积能生产出更多符合市场需求的优质商品果。综合分析,在试验区立地条件和现有管理水平下,冬芽保留量在约450个,有利于提高猕猴桃种植者的经济效益。     

灌浆期断根对小麦产量及相关生理性状的影响

为给小麦生长发育进程中的根系调控提供依据,以小麦品种山农9-1为试验材料,研究了不同土层断根对小麦生育后期生理性状及产量的影响.结果表明,断根处理使小麦根系活力降低,叶片光合能力下降,膜脂过氧化加剧,加速了小麦的衰老,明显降低了产量,表现为断根越浅,影响越大.断根后浇水对产量有弥补作用;地表向下20 cm处断根,产量降低35.9%～43.4%,即该层根系对后期产量形成的相对作用为56.6%～64.1%,而20～40、 40～80、80～100 cm以及100 cm以下根系对产量的相对作用为10.0%～12.8%、3.3%～7.9%、5.5%～6.5%和14.3%～19.0%,即100 cm以下深层根和20 cm以上的表层根共同构成两头大中间低的根效分布.100 cm以下的根系对产量的相对作用则表现为不浇水相对较大,说明1 m以下的种子根群,在小麦生育后期遭遇干旱情况下对籽粒形成更为重要.     

苹果树的修剪方法

概括了苹果树修剪的基本方法.并分别介绍了苹果树幼树、盛果期和老年树的修剪方法.     

不同修剪方法对沙田柚密闭树的效应

通过对不同修剪处理的沙田柚密闭树的株间、内膛共2个点的离地面0、50、100、150和200 cm五个高度分别测定光照强度,分析光照强度差异、叶片的重量、厚度、养分和果实质量,初步认为A、B两种修剪方法可极大地改善沙田柚的光照条件进而促进内膛春梢的萌发,增加叶片重量和厚度并在一定程度上改善果实品质,其中处理A的内膛效果较好,而处理B的株间效果较好.     

An approach to acorn production in Iberian dehesas

Acorn production is one of the most important products in silvopastoral systems in the Mediterranean region. In the present study we carried out two preliminary trials to analyze the distribution of production over time and the effect of pruning. The objective was to develop tools to manage this valuable resource within these systems. In the first part of the study, we analyzed the total acorn production of a holm oak stand, and its seasonal distribution (October–January) over two years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) in five sites in the southwest of Spain. Mean total acorn production ranged from 590 to 830 kg ha⁻¹. There was considerable variation between the different sites and years studied, as was expected from studies on other oak species. A comparison was also made of acorn production, comparing annual acorn production between 40 pruned and 40 non-pruned trees, for the period 1994–1999. There was an interaction between ‘pruning treatment’ and ‘year’. Pruning, significantly decreased acorn production in all but two years when production was above the average, whereas production was not affected by pruning the three years that acorn yield was below the average. The study of acorn production and the analysis of the effect of pruning, needs to be studied over a longer time period.     

Compressive strength of young Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) trees grown with different thinning and pruning treatments

Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay) is an important timber species in Taiwan. Growth in generally improved trees under intense silvicultural practice is so rapid that rotations or the practice of thinning trees may be as short as 20–30 years. Thus, the wood properties of young plantation trees need to be characterized to effectively use this resource. The effects of different thinning and pruning methods on the compressive strength parallel to grain of young Taiwania trees were explored. Average compressive strengths with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of no thinning > medium thinning > heavy thinning and in the pruning treatments showed the trend of medium pruning > no pruning > heavy pruning. However, most results showed no statistically significant differences among thinning and pruning treatments.     

Effects of thinning and pruning on knots and lumber recovery of Taiwania (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taiwania cryptomerioides</Emphasis>) planted in the Lu-Kuei area

This study investigated the effects of various thinning and pruning methods on the knots (number and size) and lumber recovery from Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay.) plantation trees. The results showed that heavy thinning caused more knots and larger-diameter knots than medium or no thinning; moreover, pruning caused fewer numbers of knots and smaller-diameter knots than no pruning. Better-quality Taiwania trees occurred with the no-thinning/no-pruning treatments, as shown by analyzing the knots, although the results also showed that the healing process seemed to have produced not completely clear wood during the 9 years after the pruning treatment. The thinning intensity slightly enhanced the lumber recovery of logs. Pruning did not affect lumber recovery from taiwania trees and logs. Thinning increased the lumber recovery per tree due to an increase in the diameter at breast height.     

我国柿树形的演变及发展趋势

对我国柿栽培制度演变过程中(自然放任栽培—乔冠稀植栽培—矮化密植栽培)树形的相应变化进行了阐述,提出了现代农业生产背景下柿树形的发展趋势,包括柿群体结构、个体结构、叶幕构成以及代表性的高光效树形,同时指出了配套的柿修剪制度的更新。