糙皮侧耳与金福菇子实体挥发性成分的研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)和金福菇(Tricholoma lobayense)子实体的挥发性成分,经气相色谱-质谱法对挥发性成分进行鉴定定量分析.糙皮侧耳和金福菇子实体样品中均检测出65种挥发性成分;在糙皮侧耳子实体的挥发性成分中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、5-乙酰基氧基甲基-2-糖醛、3-辛酮、3-辛醇和苯乙醛相对含量较高,百分比分别为21.24％、14.71％、13.22％、7.75％和6.73％;在金福菇子实体挥发性成分中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-戊基-呋喃、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和(Z)-2-辛烯-1-醇,相对含量较高,百分比分别为18.84％、18.07％、17.78％、6.34％和3.80％.     

Day-to-Day variation of the urine protein: creatinine ratio in female dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria caused by X-linked hereditary nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Interpretation of serial urine protein:creatinine (UPC) values is confounded by a lack of data regarding random biologic variation of UPC values in dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria. HYPOTHESIS: That there is minimal day-to-day variability in the UPC of dogs with unchanging proteinuria and the number of measurements needed to reliably estimate UPC varies with the magnitude of proteinuria. ANIMALS: Forty-eight heterozygous (carrier) female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) causing stable proteinuria. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained daily by cystocentesis for 3 consecutive days on 183 occasions (549 samples). The UPC was measured for each sample with a single dry-film chemistry auto-analyzer. Data were analyzed retrospectively by a power of the mean model because the variance of UPC values within the 3-day evaluation periods increased as the magnitude of proteinuria increased. RESULTS: To demonstrate a significant difference (P < .05) between serial values in these proteinuric dogs, the UPC must change by at least 35% at high UPC values (near 12) and 80% at low UPC values (near 0.5). One measurement is adequate to reliably estimate the UPC when UPC <4, but 2-5 determinations are necessary at higher UPC values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These guidelines for interpretation of serial UPC values in female dogs with XLHN may also be helpful for interpretation of UPC values in dogs with other glomerulopathies.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin were investigated in healthy (n=8) and Mannheimia haemolytica naturally infected (n=8) Simmental ruminant calves following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2 mg kg(-1) body weight. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Following i.v. administration of the drug, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly longer in diseased calves (8.2h; 11.13 h) than in healthy ones (4.6 h; 6.1 h), respectively. The value of total body clearance (CL(B)) was larger in healthy calves (3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) than in diseased ones (1.3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). After single intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the drug, the elimination half-life, mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were higher in diseased calves (8.0, 12 h, 2.32 microg ml(-1)) than in healthy ones (4.7, 7.4 h, 1.4 microg ml(-1)), respectively. The plasma concentrations and AUC following administration of the drug by both routes were significantly higher in diseased calves than in healthy ones. Protein binding of Marbofloxacin was not significantly different in healthy and diseased calves. The mean value for MIC of marbofloxacin for M. haemolytica was 0.1+/-0.06 microg ml(-1). The C(max)/MIC and AUC(24)/MIC ratios were significantly higher in diseased calves (13.0-64.4 and 125-618 h) than in healthy calves (8-38.33 and 66.34-328 h). The obtained results for surrogate markers of antimicrobial activity (C(max)/MIC, AUC/MIC and T > or = MIC) indicate the excellent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug in diseased calves with M. haemolytica, which can be expected to optimize the clinical efficacy and minimize the development of resistance.     

小麦杂种后代籽粒蛋白质含量的配合力研究

选用６个蛋白质含是高低不同的亲本，采用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ双列杂交方法二，对亲本在Ｆ１－Ｆ３的蛋白质含量配合力作了研究。结果表明，蛋白质含量的ＧＣＡ与ＳＣＡ方差均极显著，表明在要试验中基因加性效应和非加性效应均起重要作用。但由于三个世代ｇｃａＭｓ／ｓｃａＭｓ值均极显著，且随着世代的推进这一比值又逐渐增加，因此蛋白质含量在杂种后代的表现主要还是由基因加性效应决定，随着世代的推进，基因加性效应越显重要，在     

Synthetic Evaluation of Talent Effectiveness Considering Talent Structure

Based on the widening of definition of talent effectiveness, using the indexes of talent structure and economic output types, many indexes of talent effectiveness are built up. A synthetic evaluation of regional talent utilization efficiency is presented based on principal components analyses. The result indicates that the talent utilization efficiency in east China is higher distinctly than in middle and west China and the talent utilization efficiency in middle is close to in west China without obvious hierarchy distribution     

玉米自交系及杂交种抗青枯病鉴定

1986-1989年采用自然鉴定和人工土壤接种鉴定的方法，对602份玉米材料的青枯病抗性进行了鉴定。人工接种鉴定397份，其中204份材料表现抗病。在正常年份，人工接种鉴定效果明显好于自然鉴定，但在重病区或青枯病流行年份，在尚未具备人工接种条件时，利用自然发病作为选育抗病材料仍有一定效果。玉米苗期接种青枯病重于成株期     

超级稻“三定”栽培法研究 Ⅱ.不同施肥量对超级杂交稻产量及生长生理特性的影响

2004—2005年在长沙（28°13′N）采用低肥（N 135kg/hm2、P 29.7kg/hm2、K 112.1kg/hm2）、中肥（N 180kg/hm2、P 39.6kg/hm2、K 149.4kg/hm2）、高肥（N 225kg/hm2、P 49.5kg/hm2、K 186.8kg/hm2）3种施肥水平，对超级杂交稻两优293和准两优527的产量及生长生理特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：在试验范围内不同施肥量处理间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异不显著，2年平均产量以中肥处理最高，其中准两优527为9.03t/hm2，两优293为7.28t/hm2；不同年际间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异显著；超级杂交稻准两优527和两优293的适宜氮肥用量为150~180kg/hm2。与准两优527比较，两优293茎秆粗壮，根系发达、根系活力强、分蘖力强、但分蘖成穗率不高，而准两优527前中期生长平稳，分蘖成穗率高，抽穗后光合产物积累多和运转率高，有利于高产形成，但不抗倒伏，生产上应适量减少氮肥施用量。     

液压节能技术的应用与发展

节约能源已经成为当今社会的主流问题，对于液压技术领域中的液压节能技术的探讨也逐渐提到议事日程。为此，主要介绍了几种节能液压元件和典型的节能液压系统的应用状况，并对液压回路的节能发展趋势进行了阐述，为更好地利用能源提供了参考。     

水化学分析方法在水电工程勘探中

水电工程有限的勘察及水文地质钻探仅能获取少量水文地质信息，而在工程勘察特别是平硐中，易取得出水点的水样，通过水化学分析可以获得更多的水文地质资料。通过对四川省自一里水电站平硐出水点水化学样的系列采集和测试，运用水化学成分离子比例分析法、灰色关联分析法和D、18O同位素分析等多种方法提取了平硐区水文地质信息，分析了山区平硐裂隙水的来源、补给高度及岩层渗透性等水文地质特征，探讨了水化学分析方法在分析水电工程水文地质条件中的应用。