几种生化物质与辣椒抗蚜性的相关性

 选用抗感程度较稳定的12 个辣椒品种, 于4~ 6 叶期对其叶组织中游离氨基酸总量、总氮量、可溶性糖、游离脯胺酸、维生素C进行了测定。试验结果表明, 抗蚜品种较感蚜品种叶组织中含有较低的游离氨基酸、氮、脯胺酸和维生素C, 较多的可溶性糖和较高的糖/ 氮比, 后者的游离氨基酸总量、总氮量、脯胺酸和维生素C 含量分别为前者的1. 1~ 2. 9 倍、1. 0~ 1. 7 倍、1. 4~ 2. 9 倍和1. 2~ 2. 6 倍, 前者的可溶性糖含量和糖/ 氮比分别为后者的1. 1~ 1. 3 倍和1. 3~ 2. 0 倍。上述结果在高抗和高感品种间差异尤为显著, 说明辣椒品种叶组织中游离氨基酸总量、总氮量、可溶性糖、游离脯胺酸、维生素C 及糖/ 氮比与辣椒抗蚜性显著相关。     

Involvement of proline in response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to chilling stress at reproductive stage

Chickpea is sensitive to chilling stress, especially at its reproductive stage and experiences abortion of flowers and poor pod set at temperatures below 10 °C. The metabolic controls governing chilling-sensitivity in chickpea, particularly involving proline are not known. Hence, in the present study we explored the role of proline in this regard. A set of chickpea plants (cv. GPF2) growing under warm conditions of the glass house (temperature – 28/14 °C as average maximum and minimum till early flowering stage) was exposed to low temperature conditions of the field (8.3–9.6/2.8–5.3 °C; average maximum and minimum temperature, respectively) during the onset of reproductive phase while another set of plants continued to grow under warm conditions. In case of chilling-stressed plants, one set of the plants was treated with 10 μM proline while the other set not treated with proline served as control under low temperature conditions. In untreated chilling-stressed plants, the endogenous proline increased to 230 μmol g⁻¹ dry weight (DW) on 4th day of stress and decreased thereafter to reach 28 μmol on 7th day. In plants treated with 10 μM proline, its endogenous content reached 310 μmol g⁻¹ DW on 4th day and stayed significantly higher than untreated chilling-stressed plants. The proline-treated plants showed significant improvement in retention of flowers and pods leading to better seed yield compared to the untreated ones. The proline-applied plants also had greater pollen viability, pollen germination, pollen tube growth and ovule viability. The stress injury measured as oxidative stress, electrolyte leakage, loss of chlorophyll and decrease in leaf water content was mitigated significantly in proline-treated plants. Additionally, proline application increased the level of sucrose and trehalose (cryoprotectants) in chilling-stressed plants. The studies revealed that proline application was significantly effective in reducing the impact of chilling injury on reproductive growth in chickpea.     

重金属对蒲公英种子萌发及叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响

采用水培法利用发芽和出苗试验,研究不同浓度的重金属Hg2+、Pb2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+对蒲公英种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:重金属对蒲公英种子萌发有低浓度的促进效应和高浓度的抑制效应.当重金属浓度很低时不影响种子的发芽指数,随着重金属浓度的提高,发芽指数、发芽势、发芽率均会降低, 叶片内的脯氨酸含量均显著增加.可溶性糖含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势.总体上来看,Hg2+的毒性最强,对蒲公英种子萌发的影响程度依次为Hg2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Cr3+>Cu2+>Zn2+.     

Silicon mediates changes to some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under B toxicity

The effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on the growth, boron (B) uptake, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability, lipoxygenase activity (LOX), proline and H₂O₂ accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) of spinach were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Spinach plants were grown with 0 or 30 mg kg⁻¹ B combined with 0 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ Si. The severity of leaf symptoms of B toxicity was lower when the plants were grown with 150 mg kg⁻¹ Si. Silicon supplied to the soil with high B counteracted the deleterious effects of B on root and shoot growth. Application of B significantly increased B concentration in shoot and in root tissues. However, Si decreased B concentration in the shoots but increased it in the roots. Shoot tissues of spinach contained higher B than the roots in all treatments. Applied Si increased the Si concentration of the root and shoot. Stomatal conductance of the plants was decreased by B, but was increased by Si. The concentrations of H₂O₂ and proline were increased by B toxicity but were decreased by Si applied to plants. Boron toxicity increased the membrane permeability, MDA content and LOX activity of excised leaves of spinach. Applied Si ameliorated the membrane deterioration significantly. Compared with control plants, the activities of AA, SOD, CAT and APX in B-stressed plants without Si applied increased, and application of Si decreased their activities under toxic B conditions. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates B toxicity by preventing oxidative membrane damage and also translocation of B from root to shoots. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of Si in improving B tolerance in spinach.     

转BADH·mtlD基因耐盐旱稻生理指标的测定

[目的]分析比较各水稻品系的耐盐能力及其耐盐机理。[方法]将转入BADH和mtlD基因的5个旱稻新品系在黄河三角洲盐渍土不同含盐量地块种植。分别测定新品系叶片相对电导率和脯氨酸含量及其变化情况。[结果]结果表明:转基因耐盐旱稻脯氨酸含量高;转基因耐盐旱稻植株相对电导率低;脯氨酸可作为耐盐植株的选择指标进行选择。[结论]新品系99-4、99-5有较强的抗逆和耐盐渍能力。     

葡萄糖与脯氨酸的美拉德反应条件优化及其产物的再造烟叶加香研究

[目的]优化美拉德反应的条件,并考察其产物在再造烟叶中的加香效果。[方法]以葡萄糖和脯氨酸为原料,优化美拉德反应的条件,并考察其产物在再造烟叶中的加香效果,并用GC-MS对产物进行分离鉴定。[结果]美拉德反应的最优条件:在沸水浴下,反应时间3 h,pH 6,糖氨摩尔比为1∶1,丙二醇占比为30%。在此条件下,美拉德反应产物的再造烟叶增香效果好。利用气-质联用仪对产物进行GC-MS分析,检测到吡咯类、酮类等化合物,这些物质是卷烟中的重要香气成分。[结论]美拉德反应产物的再造烟叶加香效果好。     

番茄苗期低温下生理生化特性的研究

本研究以3个耐寒性不同的番茄品种为试材,测定了番茄(Lycopersicum esculenum Mill.)幼苗在6、10、15和25℃下游离脯氨酸、自由水、束缚水含量变化.结果表明:游离脯氨酸含量随着低温胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的增强而增加,耐寒性强的品种游离脯氨酸含量上升快且上升幅度大;自由水含量的降低幅度和束缚水含量的增加幅度均随着胁迫程度的增强而加强,耐寒性强的品种自由水含量降低幅度大,束缚水含量增加幅度也大,冷敏感品种则相反.     

外源谷胱甘肽对大豆种子萌发过程中铜毒害的缓解效应

设置0、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mmol· L-1铜离子浓度梯度,同时在各浓度梯度中分别添加0.16和0.32 mmol·L-1的谷胱甘肽(GSH),进行大豆种子萌发试验,通过测定萌发率、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量及α-淀粉酶活性等指标研究了GSH对大豆种子铜胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明:1.0 mmol·L-1以上浓度铜显著降低大豆种子的活力指数及幼根长,显著提高电解质渗透率及脯氨酸含量;2.0 mmol·L-1以上浓度铜离子显著降低大豆种子的发芽指数及α-淀粉酶活性:4.0 mmol·L-1铜离子显著抑制萌发率.添加0.16和0.32 mmol·L-1的GSH能显著提高1.0 mmol·L-1以上浓度铜毒害条件下α-淀粉酶活性,降低脯氨酸含量,增加幼根长,并能显著降低2.0 mmol·L-1以上浓度铜毒害下的电解质渗透率;4.0 mmol·L-1浓度铜毒害条件下,添加0.32 mmol·L-1的GSH能显著提高大豆种子的萌发率、发芽指数和活力指数.综合考虑,0.16和0.32 mmol·L-1的GSH能够通过提高α-淀粉酶活性来增强大豆种子的萌发能力,并通过维持细胞膜完整性来缓解一定浓度的铜胁迫.     

干旱、盐胁迫下LaCl3和CPZ对稻苗脯氨酸积累的影响

干旱、盐胁迫下水稻幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量增加、质膜透性增大，同时脯氨酸(Pro)积累；以质膜Ca2+通道阻断剂LaCl3和钙调素(CaM)拮抗剂氯丙嗪(CPZ)对水稻幼苗预处理以阻碍Ca2+/CaM信使传导后，加剧逆境下，水稻幼苗MDA含量的增加、质膜透性的增大和Pro积累，且Pro含量与MDA含量和质膜透性呈极显著正相关。表明干旱、盐胁迫下阻     

三种不同生长环境下二球悬铃木抗寒性的研究

以三种不同生长条件下的二球悬铃木为试材,设定7个不同的温度梯度,对低温胁迫下植株的生理生化变化规律进行研究。结果表明：低温诱导过程中组织内游离脯氨酸、丙二醛和可溶性糖含量变化明显,可以作为鉴定二球悬铃木抗寒性的生理指标。