乙烯利处理下罂粟有机渗透调节物质的变化

本研究采用随机区组设计探明不同浓度乙烯利处理与罂粟渗透调节物质的关系。在罂粟苗期对植株喷施不同浓度的乙烯利,并测定其叶片中渗透调节物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸相对含量的变化。测定分析结果表明：随着处理浓度的升高和时间的延长,可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量呈增长趋势。≥8000mg/L浓度处理的可溶性糖含量极显著地高于CK;≥4000mg/L浓度处理的脯氨酸含量极显著地高于CK;浓度为16000mg/L的处理对可溶性蛋白含量影响极显著地高于其余各处理,≤2000mg/L浓度处理与CK相比差异不显著。因此研究显示,低浓度乙烯利处理能使罂粟相对适应胁迫,但高浓度乙烯利处理会影响罂粟的生长发育。一定程度上为利用乙烯利防除毒品原植物罂粟提供了理论依据。     

Defence responses in leaves of resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars infected with different inoculum concentrations of Phytophthora capsici Leon

Three pepper cultivars (PM-702: resistant, Demre-8 and KM-hot: susceptible) with different resistances to Phytophthora capsici-22 (P. capsici-22) were inoculated with different concentrations of zoospores to analyze the time course of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), proline and total protein.     

Na2CO3胁迫对番茄叶片的渗透调节效应的研究

[目的]研究盐胁迫下番茄生长发育规律和耐盐机理,为选育耐盐番茄品种提供理论依据。[方法]利用O、10、20、40、80mmol／L5个浓度Na2CO3胁迫佳粉17、月光、L-402种番茄,以0mmol／L为对照。采用随机区组设计,设15个小区,每个小区5盆,重复3次。[结果]随着盐处理浓度的增加,样品番茄叶片内脯氨酸、可溶性糖、电导率（EC）等生理生化指标均呈现显著增加的趋势。在同一胁迫备件下,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和电导率增加量的顺序为L-402〉佳粉17〉月光。[结论]盐胁迫下番茄叶片体内脯氨酸和可溶性糖小分子渗透调节物质增多,番茄体内膜透性增加,选择性降低,质膜受伤害的程度越大,植物抗逆性越小。番茄适合盐碱地种植的顺序为月光、佳粉17、L—402。     

干旱、盐胁迫下LaCl_3和CPZ对稻苗脯氨酸积累的影响

干旱、盐胁迫下水稻幼苗丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加、质膜透性增大 ,同时脯氨酸 (Pro)积累 ;以质膜 Ca2 通道阻断剂 L a Cl3 和钙调素 (Ca M)拮抗剂氯丙嗪 (CPZ)对水稻幼苗预处理以阻碍 Ca2 / Ca M信使传导后 ,加剧逆境下 ,水稻幼苗 MDA含量的增加、质膜透性的增大和 Pro积累 ,且 Pro含量与MDA含量和质膜透性呈极显著正相关。表明干旱、盐胁迫下阻碍 Ca2 / Ca M信使传导后 ,水稻幼苗Pro积累加剧 ,Pro积累的多少 ,可反映水稻幼苗的伤害程度。     

紫花苜蓿体内钾的积累与抗旱性的研究

通过田间试验及实验室分析,研究了不同品种紫花苜蓿的不同部位中钾含量、脯氨酸含量、含水量及单株干质量的关系。结果表明不同品种、不同部位的钾含量和脯氨酸含量差异较大。紫花苜蓿花序部位钾的积累比叶部位要高,而脯氨酸含量则是缺钾的叶片中含量较高,其含钾量高的部位有较高的含水量。     

低温胁迫对三种冷季型草坪草脯氨酸含量及膜透性的影响

采用5℃、-5℃和-10℃的低温胁迫处理紫羊茅、优异和抢手股等三种冷季型草坪草,以电导法测定叶片膜透性、茚三酮比色法测定叶片脯氨酸含量,分析二者在低温胁迫下的变化规律。结果表明,三种低温胁迫使三种草坪草叶片内脯氨酸含量均有极显著的增加,5℃和-10℃胁迫下,增加量为抢手股最高,紫羊茅和优异接近,-5℃胁迫下增加量为抢手股>优异>紫羊茅,且相互间没有显著差异,-10℃的胁迫没有高于而是显著低于-5℃的胁迫,并与5℃相近。低温胁迫下膜透性的增加表现为紫羊茅<抢手股<优异,而且胁迫的温度越低,膜透性越高,但5℃的低温对紫羊茅没有造成显著的膜透性增加。     

Cadmium and lead effects on chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll pigments and proline of Robinia pseudoacacia

Heavy metal contamination is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting physiological activities of plants.We investigated the effects of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) on chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv/Fm,Fo,and Fm),photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a and b),and proline in one-year-old seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia.The seedlings were treated twice over a period of 10 days with Cd and Pb at concentrations of 0,250,500,1000 and2000 mg L-1.Saline solution containing Cd and Pb was sprayed on the leaves.Chlorophyll and proline contents were measured after 10 days.Chlorophyll fluorescence of R.pseudoacacia was affected slightly by high concentrations(1000,2000 mg L-1) of Cd and Pb.Chlorophyll a and a/b increased at 1000 and 2000 mg L-1of Cd and proline content of leaves was similar in all treatments of Cd and Pb.Our results indicated that photosynthetic sensitivity of R.pseudoacacia to Cd and Pb contamination was weak.Photosystem II chlorophyll pigments were not damaged by Pb and Cd stress.We conclude that chlorophyll fluorescence along with chlorophyll and proline contents are useful indicators of Cd and Pb stresses in R.pseudoacacia which widely planted in urban polluted regions in Iran.     

Morphological,Anatomical, and Physiological Assessment of Ramie [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Boehmeria Nivea</Emphasis> (L.) Gaud.] Tolerance to Soil Drought

Fiber yield is reduced when ramie [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.] is produced under drought stress. Responses in Leaf morphology, root development and stem anatomy, and physiology of six cultivars, varying in tolerance to drought stress, were measured to identify plant characteristics for adaptation to drought stress. Ramie plants, established from 10-cm sections of shoots, were grown in pots with soil. When plants were 60 cm tall (about 40 days), moisture content in the medium was maintained at 55% of water-holding capacity for 28 days by weighing the pots and sparingly watering. Medium was maintained at 80–85% of water-holding capacity for the control. Drought-tolerant cultivars of ramie had more fine hairs on abaxial leaf surfaces, produced thicker leaf cuticles, better preserved leaf shape, and erectness, lost fewer leaves. They also generated longer roots with larger root masses and more storage organs, preserved higher root-to-shoot ratios, produced larger diameter stem vessels, and better conserved cell integrity than drought-sensitive cultivars of ramie when plants were grown under drought stress. Fiber yield was better in drought tolerant cultivars of ramie, because these cultivars had adapted root systems, leaf responses, cellular responses, and biochemical activities to allow plants to continue higher levels of photosynthesis and carbon deposition under more stressful environments than the less drought tolerant cultivars. Cultivars ‘Huangketong’ and ‘Qingkezi’ were best adapted to drought tolerance in the study.     

六种蓝莓叶绿素·干物质及脯氨酸含量的比较研究

[目的]比较6种不同蓝莓品种叶绿素、脯氨酸及生物量(鲜重、干重和含水量)的变化。[方法]以贵州省麻江县种植的蓝莓为试验材料,叶绿素和脯氨酸含量分别采用丙酮与乙醇混合溶液以及酸性茚三酮比色法测定;生物量则采用恒重法测定。[结果]叶绿素和脯氨酸含量变化最大的是芭尔德曼11号;生物量变化最大的则是杰兔8号。[结论]6种蓝莓品种的叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总量、脯氨酸含量和生物量在不同品种之间和同一品种在7、8月之间都存在明显的变化。     

NaCl胁迫下促生菌对黄瓜幼苗生长的促生效应

用植物促生菌CS-2的菌体悬浮液和蒸馏水对黄瓜种子浸泡处理后,种植于普通土和草碳土均匀混合的基质中,以4个NaCl浓度的溶液作为幼苗的浇灌液,待幼苗真叶长至第4片时,测定各处理黄瓜幼苗的过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和脯氨酸含量.结果表明:NaCl胁迫存在时,过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量与各组对照相比增长;在NaCl浓度不大于0.4%时,脯氨酸含量与对照相比则下降;株高则与过氧化物酶活力呈负相关性.