干旱对不同铃重棉花不同区位果枝叶可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸含量的影响

利用防雨旱棚,研究了水分胁迫下3个不同铃重基因型棉花不同部位内围果枝叶片中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的变化.结果表明:在两处理下,各品种不同部位棉叶中可溶性蛋白含量呈现出了不同的变化趋势,反映了棉花不同部位对水分胁迫适应能力的差异.干旱使各部位3个品种各铃期内围果枝叶可溶性蛋白含量降低,其中,下部果枝叶中大铃品种和小铃品种可溶性蛋白含量降低的幅度大于中铃品种,各品种的中部果枝叶中的可溶性蛋白含量变化比下部平缓,表明此部位果枝叶生理状态在棉铃发育过程中相对稳定.在水分胁迫下,各时期不同品种各部位果枝叶中脯氨酸含量均比对照增加;大铃品种各部位果枝叶在干旱胁迫下脯氨酸含量增加幅度小于中、小铃品种.不同部位果枝叶相比,干旱时脯氨酸含量增加幅度总体表现为:下部果枝叶＞中部果枝叶＞上部果枝叶.棉花品种存在着对干旱胁迫反应敏感程度不同的脯氨酸代谢调节机制,脯氨酸可以作为棉花抗旱性的参考性生理指标.     

獐毛耐盐的生理变化与响应(简报)

獐毛(Aeluropus littoralisvar.sinensis Debeaux)为禾本科獐毛属植物,该属共有5种,我国有1个种和1个变种,分布在江苏省的为獐毛变种^[1]。     

4种内吸性杀虫剂对番茄幼苗生长的影响

为明确吡蚜酮、吡虫啉、螺虫乙酯和溴氰虫酰胺4种内吸性杀虫剂对番茄幼苗生长的影响及生理生化响应.以'粉印三号'为供试植株,测定4种杀虫剂不同浓度处理8片真叶期植株15 d后植株株高、茎粗、主根长、根系活跃吸收面积、叶绿素、3种抗氧化保护酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]和游离脯氨酸...     

山西部分梨品种抗寒性测定及生理指标研究

通过鉴定山西部分梨品种的抗寒性以达到对抗寒育种中亲本的选择。以1 年生梨枝条为试材,在人工低温处理下研究7 个梨品种枝条中相对电导率、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和束缚水含量的变化规律,并分析各生理指标之间的相关性。结果表明：（1）供试梨品种的抗寒性顺序为：‘苹果梨’>‘晋酥梨’>‘晋蜜梨’>‘玉露香梨’>‘雪花梨’>‘玉酥梨’>‘库尔勒香梨’。（2）相对电导率、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量随处理温度的下降而上升。（3）可溶性糖含量与抗寒性呈显著正相关,而脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量与抗寒性无明显相关性。综合以上研究结果,在低温胁迫条件下,可溶性糖可单独作为抗寒性的鉴定指标。鉴定指标。     

脯氨酸代谢途径在调控水稻phyB突变体干旱胁迫耐性中的作用

本研究分析了水稻野生型和phyB突变体中脯氨酸代谢途径关键基因的表达水平。结果显示,干旱处理能够诱导脯氨酸生物合成相关基因OsP5CS1和OsOAT的表达,抑制脯氨酸生物降解基因OsP5CDH的表达。且phyB突变体中OsP5CS1基因的表达水平明显高于野生型,据此推测phyB负调控OsP5CS1基因的表达。为了分析OsP5CS1基因的高水平表达是否与phyB突变体较强的干旱胁迫耐性有关,本研究进一步培育了转OsP5CS1基因烟草。离体叶片失水速率结果表明,转基因烟草的失水速率小于野生型;盐胁迫条件下,转基因烟草的分化率明显高于野生型。综上所述,phyB对脯氨酸代谢途径的调控是phyB突变体具有较强干旱胁迫耐性的重要因素之一。     

The role of calcium in regulating photosynthesis and related physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature stress

The response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content to low light intensity and suboptimal temperature in Cucumis sativa L. seedlings pretreated with either distilled water, 10 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM LaCl₃, 3 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 0.05 mM chlorpromazine (CPZ) were investigated. The results showed that 10 mM CaCl₂ led to an increase in photosynthetic rate (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE), ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline content of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature, in comparison with the distilled water-pretreated seedlings. However, LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ were in contrast to CaCl₂. These results suggest that CaCl₂ has beneficial effect on photosynthetic adaptation to low light and suboptimal temperature stress in cucumber seedlings. This might be related to the observed increase in RuBPCase activity, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of osmoregulation, with these effects being inhibited by LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ.     

Growth, stomata aperture, biochemical changes and branch anatomy in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Chokanan in response to root restriction and water stress

Mango production is often subject to space and tree size management pressures among growers. This study found that root restriction contributed to reduced leaf expansion, thus inhibiting the growth of mango trees. There was even less leaf expansion under water stress conditions. Under well-watered conditions, restricted roots considerably reduced stomatal conductance and leaf water potential compared to control root growth. More rapid reductions in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential occurred under restricted root and water stress conditions compared to control trees. Leaf proline concentrations and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased as a result of root restriction and water stress but decreased with re-watering. Re-watering also increased stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and peroxidase accumulation in plants with both restricted and non-restricted root growth. Anatomical studies of cross sections of secondary branches showed that root restriction and water stress brought about various changes: compacted cells, as estimated by epidermis thickness and area, as well as by cortex thickness, but with increases in schelerenchyma thickness, phloem and xylem thickness, schelerenchyma area, and pith area and diameter. These results suggest that reduction of soil volume and water stress could effectively control tree size through physiological and morphological changes; thereby bringing higher sustainable returns per hectare and greater effectiveness in orchard management.     

外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下加工番茄生理特性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对加工番茄幼苗抗盐性的影响。结果表明:外源甜菜碱可以显著提高加工番茄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,可以提高加工番茄叶片SOD活性,降低膜透性和MDA的含量,从而有效的提高加工番茄的抗盐性。在该试验中叶面喷施高浓度的甜菜碱比低浓度的甜菜碱效果更明显。     

嫁接茄子抗病性与电导率,脯氨酸含量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的关系

嫁接可显著降低茄子黄萎病的发病株率和病情指数。在感病逆境条件下,相对电导率、脯氨酸含量增高,但增高的程度,嫁接茄子极显著低于ＣＫ。说明嫁接可有效阻止病原菌的侵染及在体内的扩展,致使以积累脯氨酸来缓解病菌侵害的作用减弱。嫁接后植株体内ＰＡＬ活性明显升高,并保持较高的活性水平,这可能是嫁接茄子表现抗病的重要生理原因之一。     

NaCl胁迫对黄瓜生理生化特性的影响

通过对黄瓜进行不同NaCl浓度的胁迫试验,研究了NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,随着盐浓度的增加,黄瓜幼苗叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量随着NaCl浓度的升高而先逐渐增加后又慢慢降低,在NaCl浓度为250 mmol/L时,可溶性蛋白含量最大,脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量随着NaCl浓度的升高而逐渐增加,而叶绿素含量逐渐降低。NaCl胁迫的强度是影响黄瓜幼苗生长的关键因素,脯氨酸含量、MDA、可溶性蛋白含量及叶绿素含量可以作为鉴定黄瓜耐盐性的生理指标。