西气东输工程江西段沿线植物群落物种多样性及生物量特征

采用遥感图解译、样地调查与定性描述相结合的方法,对西气东输工程江西段沿线植物群落进行了分类,并对主要群落生物多样性、生物量等基本特征进行测量与分析。结果表明：①天然植被主要有4个植被型组14个群系,人工群落有6个植被型组17个群系;②群落间物种多样性变异较大,枫香群落最高,草丛群落最低。同时还表现出天然林群落比人工林群落高的特点;③不同群落间的生物量差异也较明显,杉木林最大为110.15 t/hm（2单位下同）,其次是马尾松人工林（97.28）、马尾松天然林（81.01）、枫香林（70.23）、木荷林（64.05）、毛竹林（64.00）、湿地松林（63.21）、苦槠林（32.00）、灌丛（5.15）、油茶林（3.57）,最小的是草丛群落,仅为0.45t/hm2。     

Impact of vegetation restoration on hydrological processes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, China

Sediment discharge from the Yellow River originates mainly from the drainage area between Hekouzhen and Longmen, i.e., the Helong area. Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation cover in this area during the 1981–2007 period have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data. We have also analyzed the interannual variations in vegetation cover and changes in annual runoff and sediment discharge, the consequences from precipitation change and the Grain for Green Project (GGP). The results show that vegetation cover of the Helong area has increased during the 1981–2007 period. The northwestern part the Helong area, where the flat sandy lands are covered by grass, has experienced the largest increase. The region where the vegetation cover has declined is largely found in the southern and southeastern Helong area, which is a gullied hilly area or forested. Although precipita-tion was relatively low during the 1999–2007 period, the vegetation cover showed a significant increase in the Helong area, due to the implementation of the GGP. During this period, the most significant improvement in the vegetation cover occurred mainly in the gullied hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, such as the drainage basins of the Kuyehe and Tuweihe rivers and the middle and lower reaches of the Wudinghe and Yanhe rivers. A comparison of the average annual maximum NDVI between the earlier (1998–2002) stage and the next five years (2003–2007) of the GGP indicates that the areas with increases of 10% and 20% in NDVI account for 72.5% and 36.4% of the total area, respectively. Interannual variation of annual runoff and sediment discharge shows a declining trend, especially since the 1980s, when the decrease became very obvious. Compared with the 1950–1969 period, the average runoff during the 1980–2007 period was reduced by 34.8×108 m3 and the sediment discharge by 6.4×108 t, accounting for 49.4% and 64.9% of that in the 1950–1969 period, respectively. There is a positive correlation between the annual maximum NDVI and annual runoff and sediment discharge. This correlation was reversed since the implementation of the GGP in 1999 and vegetation cover in the He-long area has increased, associated with the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge. Less precipitation has been an important fac-tor driving the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge during 1999–2007. However, restoration and improvement of the vegetation cover may also have played a significant role in accelerating the decrease in annual runoff and sediment discharge by enhancing evapotranspiration and alleviating soil erosion.     

茶粕有机药肥在高尔夫球场草坪上的应用研究

茶粕中含有茶皂素等多种杀虫有效成分和大量有机质和微量元素,与化学农药复配研制成有机药肥,应用于高尔夫球场防治草坪病虫害,具有显著的药效,而且能有效地促进坪草生长,增加地上生物量.同时,有利于减少高尔夫球场农药残留污染,促进生态平衡和环境保护,值得大力推广应用.     

从精品课程评审指标谈高职课程建设

以国家精品课程评审指标为指导,分析了高职院校课程建设的重点。指出课程设置的顶层设计、师资培养改革、教学方法改革、教学评价改革、生产性实训基地的建设与利用对高职课程建设的重要性。     

不同配方高尔夫果岭土壤的物理性质及其对草坪生长的影响

对13种不同配方高尔夫果岭混合土壤的物理性质及其对草坪生长的影响进行测定。这13种土壤中只有3种土壤的粒径分布符合美国高尔夫协会(USGA)推荐标准。结果表明:全沙土壤容重、饱和导水率明显高于含泥炭的土壤,而总孔隙、毛管孔隙则相反;当泥炭含量超过5%时,即使土壤粒径分布中其他指标都符合要求,且小于0.05 mm粒径的粉粒和粘粒含量较少,土壤的饱和导水率仍然较小,不能达标;粒径分布不符合USGA标准的全沙土壤,只要小于0.05 mm粒径的粉粒和粘粒含量较少,这些土壤的物理性质仍然符合USGA标准;USGA标准中粒径分布范围可适当放宽;全沙处理与含泥炭的处理相比:全沙处理成坪慢,草屑量较少,返青较早,地上生物量在成坪早期明显较少,到成坪后期则差异不明显,地下生物量在成坪早期差异不显著,而到成坪后期明显较多;表观草坪质量在成坪早期明显较差,到成坪后期差异减少。     

《食品工艺学》的教学改革初探

围绕《食品工艺学》的教学内容、教学方法和实践教学,介绍了教学过程中的一些改革措施。通过这些改革,激发了学生的学习兴趣,使《食品工艺学》的课堂教学质量得到了提高。     

《房屋建筑学》课程体系教学改革的探讨

对房屋建筑学课程体系：课堂教学、课程设计、认识实习等教学环节进行了改革探讨,旨在为培养新世纪高素质的建筑人才,以适应21世纪社会发展的需求。     

优化分子生物学教学模式的探索与实践

结合我校教学计划和学生的实际情况,参照国内高校的分子生物学课程体系,建立了具有特色的课程体系。从教学大纲的制定、教材精选、探讨启发式和讨论式教学方法及现代化多媒体教学手段等的运用、考核方式和科研对教学的促进作用等几方面进行了探讨。既注重传授学生专业知识,更注重传授学生学会“学习”的方法,旨在提高分子生物学课堂教学质量,从而满足社会对生物人才的需求。     

浅析陕西苹果集聚产业科技服务体系的管理与运行

通过系统分析陕西苹果集聚产业的发展现状与存在问题,提出了构建陕西苹果聚集产业科技服务体系的设想;在此基础上,对苹果集聚产业科技服务体系的内含、管理与运行等方面内容进行了剖析研究和归纳总结。重点对成果转化与技术扩散体系、示范基地网络体系、苹果标准化研究与应用体系、科技培训体系、信息化服务体系等方面进行了深刻阐述。     

退耕还林工程实施后陕北安塞县商品型生态农业建设的阶段性分析

依据耦合协调度判定标准,结合相关理论研究,分析了安塞县商品型生态农业3个阶段与农业生态-经济系统和产业-资源子系统耦合协调度值的对应关系。结果表明,随着退耕还林工程的实施,安塞县商品型生态农业建设成效显著,系统综合发展指数由1999年的0.275 2增长到2010年的0.719 5;农业生态-经济和产业-资源系统的耦合协调度经历了先下降(1999-2001年)后增长(2002-2010年)的发展过程,但是,农业产业-资源子系统的耦合协调关系明显滞后于农业生态-经济系统;相应地,安塞县商品型生态农业建设先后经历了第Ⅰ阶段的生态系统结构建造时期和农业产业结构调整时期,并于2010年开始向第Ⅱ阶段(完善农业系统循环阶段)过渡。生态系统的改善和农业产业结构的调整促进了农业经济的快速增长,但是,相关产业的发展并未合理有效地利用农业生态资源。因此,应合理调整农业产业结构,完善系统链网结构,改变农业产业与资源的局部相悖态势,促进商品型生态农业系统的快速发展。