开展森林养生的基本要素与品质提升对策

森林养生是健康养生和林业旅游发展相结合的新兴领域。有关森林养生的研究仍处于起步阶段。梳理森林养生的发展概况,认为开展森林养生的基本要素包括:森林环境;森林养生产品和服务;配套设施。优化森林养生品质,需要加强森林医学研究;优化森林养生环境;加强森林养生人才队伍建设;提供有特色的森林养生产品和服务。     

我国木质结构材产品认证适应性SWOT分析

采用SWOT分析法阐述我国实施木质结构材产品认证适应性,分析在我国实施木质结构材产品认证具有的优势和劣势,面临的机会与威胁。分析表明:在我国实施木质结构材产品认证制度,符合我国认证体制要求和木结构产业发展趋势,为顺利实施认证制度,需增强产品认证信用保证功能,建立结构材产品使用准入机制,提升木质结构材生产企业管理和认知水平。     

香菇的药用价值及其产品开发前景

近年来,香菇因不仅能满足于人们的营养需求,同时还具有保健及药用价值,而越来越受到人们的青睐。从香菇的有效成分、药理作用和产品开发3个方面进行阐述,以期为指导香菇食用、产品开发和产业发展提供参考依据。     

玫瑰花再制奶酪的研制

本研究充分利用云南省丰富的玫瑰资源,在再制奶酪基础上,添加含有功能活性物质的玫瑰花发酵液与玫瑰花瓣,研制出方便携带且适合国人口味的压片式再制甜奶酪。通过测定发酵玫瑰花中的活性物质,确定玫瑰花的适宜发酵时间;以感官评分为指标,筛选添加剂的合适添加量;在单因素的基础上应用响应面优化发酵工艺;通过测定产品的理化、卫生指标,评估产品质量。结果表明:当玫瑰花发酵至第6天活性物质含量较高;添加12%脱脂奶、3.5%黄油、12%白糖、2%复合磷酸盐、0.5%黄原胶时,产品的感官评分较高;经优化得到当搅拌温度为87℃、玫瑰花发酵液添加量为20%、发酵玫瑰花添加量为6.5%时,产品感官评分较高(80.84分),与预测值接近;理化和微生物指标检测结果显示,本产品的脂肪、水分含量及酵母菌和霉菌数、菌落总数、大肠菌群数均符合标准。     

基于约束满足问题的产品配置方法

提出了一种基于约束满足问题(constraint satisfaction problem,简称CSP)的产品配置方法,论证了基于CSP的产品配置方法能够很好地表示产品配置问题,同时具有良好的适应性和通用性。以某型叉车门架管路系统为例进行了基于CSP的仿真配置并分析了配置的过程,根据配置结果,基于CSP的产品配置方法能够实现准确、有效的产品配置。     

基于辐热积的日光温室不同茬次袋培番茄干物质模型比较

为了探究东北地区日光温室基质袋培番茄干物质生产及分配与温室环境辐热积关系,在番茄全生育期建立并比较基于辐热积的冬春茬与秋冬茬番茄干物质生产模型。结果表明,利用累积辐热积与干物质总量得到的拟合模型模拟效果较好,其冬春茬和秋冬茬单株绝对误差分别为5.12g和9.67g,单株剩余标准误差分别为9.46g和15.02g,决定系数分别为0.98和0.96,说明冬春茬的模型模拟效果优于秋冬茬。通过累积辐热积与干物质总量模型及干物质分配关系,比较模拟累积辐热积对番茄根、茎、叶、果干物质分配影响的结果表明,2个茬次的番茄叶片和果实的分配指数变化趋势明显不同,而茎和根的分配指数变化趋势比较一致和稳定。     

桂西北传统中草药红丝线的重金属含量分析

[目的]为了分析广西河池不同产地红丝线的产品质量安全状况,为进一步开发和利用桂西北这种特色植物资源提供基础数据。[方法]测定了红丝线中镉、锰、铅、锌、铜等9种重金属元素含量,采用湿法消解———火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定红丝线中重金属元素 Cd、Mn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Zn的含量,用原子荧光光谱法测定红丝线中的 As、Hg、Se含量。[结果]红丝线中的 Cd、Mn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Se 含量分别为：1.62～17.25、8.93～142.53、4.37～18.43、103.7～242.81、2.55～5.35、85.40～146.30、0.07～0.54、0.00～0.08、0.00～0.47 mg/kg。参照国家食品安全相关标准和药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准,采自河池各地的大部分红丝线的重金属含量超标或达到临界值,其中, Cd、Pb、Zn含量超标比较严重。[结论]土壤重金属污染对红丝线及其他食用植物产品质量安全影响问题值得高度关注。     

多哈农业改革对发展中国家农产品贸易的影响

WTO新一轮谈判于2004年8月1日达成框架协议,农业谈判在国内支持、出口竞争、市场准入等方面取得了一定的进展,是后续谈判的基础.运用ATPSM模型,在对欧盟、美国、日本、加拿大农业自由化改革模拟的基础上,探索了以框架协议为基础的多哈农业改革对发展中国家农产品贸易的可能影响.     

Predicting lumber grade and by-product yields for Scots pine trees

The purpose of this study was to develop models for estimating yields of lumber grades and by-products of individual Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees using stem and crown dimensions as explanatory variables. Two separate data sets were used: (1) one simulated by the process-based growth model, PipeQual, which provides information about stem form and branch properties. The model was used to predict the 3D structure of Scots pine stems from thinning regimes of varying intensity and rotation periods and (2) an empirical data set with detailed 3D measurements of stem structure. The stems were sawn using the WoodCim sawing simulator and the yields and grades of the individual sawn pieces, as well as by-products, were recorded. The sawn timber was classified on A, B, C and D-grades for side and centre boards separately (Nordic Timber grading). By-products were pulpwood, sawmill chips, sawdust and bark.     

Forest management and carbon sequestration in wood products

Wood products are considered to contribute to the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions. A critical gap in the life cycle of wood products is to transfer the raw timber from the forest to the processing wood industry and, thus, the primary wood products. Therefore, often rough estimates are used for this step to obtain total forestry carbon balances. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the fate of timber harvested in Thuringian state forests (central Germany), representing a large, intensively managed forested region, and (2) to quantify carbon stocks and the lifetime of primary wood products made from this timber. The analyses were based on the amount and assortments of actually sold timber, and production parameters of the companies that bought and processed this timber. In addition, for coniferous stands of a selected Thuringian forest district, we calculated potential effects of management, as expressed by different thinning regimes on wood products and their lifetimes. Total annual timber sale of soft- and hardwoods from Thuringian state forests (195,000 ha) increased from about 136,893 t C (~0.7 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 1996 to 280,194 t C (~1.4 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 2005. About 47% of annual total timber harvest went into short-lived wood products with a mean residence time (MRT) < 25 years. Thirty-one per cent of the total harvest went into wood products with an MRT of 25–43 years, and only 22% was used as construction wood and glued wood, products with the longest MRT (50 years). The average MRT of carbon in harvested wood products was 20 years. Thinning from above throughout the rotation of spruce forests would lead to an average MRT in harvested wood products of about 23 years, thinning from below of about 18 years. A comparison of our calculations with estimates that resulted from the products module of the CO2FIX model (Nabuurs et al. 2001) demonstrates the influence of regional differences in forest management and wood processing industry on the lifetime of harvested wood products. To our knowledge, the present study provides for the first time real carbon inputs of a defined forest management unit to the wood product sector by linking data on raw timber production, timber sales and wood processing. With this new approach and using this data, it should be possible to substantially improve the net-carbon balance of the entire forestry sector.