黑果枸杞果实原花青素含量研究分析

通过采集来自青海、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古不同种源、不同种植地中野生与人工栽种黑果枸杞果实,测定果实中原花青素含量。得出鲜果原花青素含量内蒙古种源最高,之后依次为青海、甘肃、新疆,故内蒙古、青海种源黑果枸杞可作为阿拉善盟地区黑果枸杞优选品种；不同种植地中,种植在额济纳旗的黑果枸杞原花青素含量最高,阿拉善地区的环境指标可作为黑果枸杞种植地参考；人工栽种的黑果枸杞果实原花青素含量高于野生黑果枸杞。     

Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of proanthocyanidins from woody plants

Flavanol values, molecular weight distributions, polyphenolic patterns, and tyrosinase inhibitions of proanthocyanidins (PACs) from karamatsu (Larix sp.) bark, acacia Morishima (Acacia mearnsii) bark, and commercial quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) extracts were examined to investigate the relation between the structures of PACs from woody plants and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Aqueous acetone (70%) extracts of acacia showed high flavanol contents and strong tyrosinase inhibition. On the other hand, the quebracho extracts inhibited tyrosinase activity slightly despite its high flavanol content. Phenyl nucleus analysis by the nucleus exchange reaction provided information that karamatsu, quebracho, and acacia extracts consist of procyanidin, profisetinidin, and prorobinetinidin, respectively. The relation between the phenolic hydroxylation pattern and tyrosinase inhibition suggested that the PACs with a 5,7-dihydroxyphenyl structure in the A-ring and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl structure in the B-ring have potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Exploitation of polyphenol-rich pine barks for potent antioxidant activity

The phenolic composition of pine bark from a variety of Pinus species was estimated by measuring Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin, and a 1% NaOH extract. Polyphenol contents of hot water extracts from pine bark were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the vanillin-H₂SO₄ assay. Among the pine bark varieties investigated, Pinus radiata bark showed the highest polyphenol content and potent antioxidant activity. Pinus rigida bark was also a usable polyphenol-rich source, whereas Pinus densiflora bark had a low yield (5.1%) of hot water extract, although it showed potent antioxidant activity. Correlations between proanthocyanidin content in pine bark and antioxidant activity were observed. The results suggested that proanthocyanidin was the crucial contributor to potent antioxidant activity in pine bark. The publication of this article was made possible by an Emachu Research Fund. The authors are grateful for the fund.     

Immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 derived in vitro from Rhododendron spiciferum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 (PAA-1) from leaves of Rhododendron spiciferum (Ericaceae). In vitro tests showed that PAA-1 stimulated cell proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and increased CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell populations. PAA-1 also regulated the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, this study showed that PAA-1 exhibited a significant effect on NBT dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity responses in macrophages, indicating effective phagocytic activation. These results revealed that PAA-1 exhibits immunomodulatory activity without a clear dose response.     

Study of soil respiration and fruit quality of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in response to different soil water content in a greenhouse

ABSTRACT

To understand the response of grape (Hutai No.8) quality and soil respiration (R_s) to different soil relative water contents (SRWCs), this study was designed with three soil moisture levels (A: 80–95%, B: 60–75%, and C: 40–55% of SRWC) for grape cultivation. Meanwhile, environmental factors, including air temperature (T_a), air relative humidity, and light intensity, were also recorded. The results showed the following: (1) Through the comprehensive analysis of fruit quality by the method of subordinate function, we concluded that the optimum soil moisture treatment was 60–75% SRWC, and the soluble sugars, proanthocyanidin, and resveratrol were most abundant. In addition, vitamin C (Vc) content was the largest under C treatment. (2) Photosynthetic characteristic under high soil moisture was better than those under low soil moisture condition during grape coloring periods, and it was largest under A treatment in 2015. R_s rate was in accordance with the trend of grape photosynthesis. High soil moisture could accelerate the photosynthetic rate of grape leaves and increase R_s. (3) Correlation analysis showed that higher soil moisture and air humidity and lower soil temperature (T_s) and T_a could promote the accumulation of more nutrients in grape berries; it also could increase photosynthetic rate and R_s during grape coloring periods. In conclusion, 60–75% SRWC was the optimum soil moisture condition, which could improve the nutrient contents and accumulate more bioactive substances. Of course, keeping a lower T_s and T_a, as well as higher air humidity, was also necessary.

Abbreviations: SRWC: soil relative water content; A, 90-95% SRWC; B, 70-75% SRWC; C, 40-55% SRWC; Rs: soil respiration; Ta: air temperature; Ts: soil temperature; OPC: proanthocyanidin; TSS: total soluble solids.     

紫色甘薯皮中原花青素提取工艺研究

对紫色甘薯皮中原花青素的提取工艺进行了研究,分析了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比、pH值以及提取次数对原花青素提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验筛选出最佳的提取工艺条件:即以70%乙醇为提取液、调节提取液pH 6.0、料液比为1∶10、提取温度80℃、浸提2次,每次2.0 h,在此条件下,原花青素提取率为1.3960%。     

天然抗氧化剂原花色素的研究进展

概述国内外关于原花色素的结构、功能应用及提取研制的进展.     

松针原花青素对小鼠血清中SOD活性、MDA含量及脏器指数的影响

[目的]探讨针原花青素在小鼠血清中的抗氧化作用,为进一步开发和利用松针原花青素提供可靠的试验依据。[方法]采用松针原花青素对小鼠进行灌胃,比较不同浓度的原花青素对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及脏器指数的影响。[结果]与空白对照组比较,试验组血清中的SOD活性明显上升（P〈0.05）,MDA含量明显下降（P〈0.05）,脏器指数没有明显变化。[结论]松针原花青素具有一定的抗氧化能力。