224个谷子品种农艺性状聚类和相关性分析

对来自不同生态区224个谷子品种材料的农艺性状进行聚类和相关性分析。结果表明,27个农艺性状的变异范围为11.20%～110.70%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为有效穗数、籽粒颜色、穗重、穗粒重、码粒数、单株草重、米色、穗型、茎秆粗度、籽粒形状、植株颜色、穗颈形状、穗码密度、穗粗、护颖颜色、刚毛长度、穗颈长度、穗长、刚毛颜色、花药颜色、倒二叶宽、抽穗期、千粒重、株高、伸长节节数、叶姿、倒二叶长。单株穗粒重与穗重、单株草重呈极显著正相关。用Ward离差平方和聚类分析发现,当欧式距离为19时,224个谷子品种可以分为六大类群,第Ⅰ类群(83份材料)生育期较短,属早熟类型,千粒重较大,穗较粗,但其他性状属于中等水平;第Ⅱ类群(64份材料)生育期相对较短,穗重、穗粒重在各类群中处于较高水平;第Ⅲ类群(41份材料)生育期最长,属晚熟类型,株高较高,分蘖较少,产量较低;第Ⅳ类群(25份材料)生育期较长,属中晚熟类型,株高较低,分蘖数较少,产量属中下等水平;第Ⅴ类群(1份材料)生育期较长,属中晚熟类型,刚毛较长,叶片较窄,株高较高,分蘖数较多,单株草重最大,千粒重和产量属中上等水平;第Ⅵ类群(...     

装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝节点受弯承载力分析

装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓具有节约土地、节能减碳、绿色环保、密闭低温等优点,但是连接节点的结构形式和力学性能仍是制约其发展及推广应用的关键难题之一。为解决节点焊缝过多、施焊难度大等问题,该研究提出一种新型装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝竖向节点,采用螺栓代替部分焊缝,减少焊缝长度、方便构件施工。依据规范要求及实际工程情况,设计了2种不同螺栓数量（单侧三螺栓连接和单侧五螺栓连接）的螺栓-焊缝竖向节点试件,利用四点弯曲试验与有限元数值分析,研究其破坏形态和受弯承载力性能。结果表明：三螺栓试件与五螺栓试件承载力的试验值分别为1 998、2 053 kN,两试件承载力基本相同;相较于五螺栓试件,三螺栓试件在破坏后具有更好的延性。在参数取值范围内,混凝土强度、内防水钢板厚度、外防水钢板厚度和内衬钢板厚度对峰值荷载回归得到的标准化系数（Beta）分别为0.993、-0.003、-0.012、0.056,表明增加混凝土强度可有效提高试件承载能力。研究成果可为装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓节点的设计提供科学参考和设计依据。     

辽宁省2005年审定水稻品种米质情况分析及改良对策

以2005年辽宁省审定的32个水稻品种为材料,对辽宁省水稻品种品质近况进行了分析。在所有的材料中,6项指标全部达到国标一级标准的有3个,达标率为9.38%;达标率最高的是糙米率,其次是胶稠度、整精米率,最低的是直链淀粉含量。同时对辽宁省水稻品质改良中需要着重解决的几个问题进行了探讨。     

两系杂交粳稻产量性状优势形成分析

采用程氏指数对两系杂交组合亲本及其杂种F1进行分类,对杂种F1产量性状与亲本及杂种F1程氏指数,杂种F1产量性状与父本产量性状进行相关分析。结果表明,偏粳×粳、偏粳×偏粳的组合杂种F1为偏粳类型。杂种F1每穗总粒数表现与双亲程氏指数差呈显著正相关,同时也受到父本性状值的影响。     

宁夏地区潜在蒸散发变化特征及成因分析

根据宁夏地区1962—2017年11个国家级气象站的逐日气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式计算宁夏地区潜在蒸散发(potential evapotranspiration,ET0)日值系列,采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验、ArcGIS反距离权重空间插值、敏感性分析和贡献率等方法对宁夏地区...     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

燕山板栗种质资源AFLP遗传多样性分析

为研究燕山板栗的遗传多样性,用扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)技术对44份板栗种质的遗传多样性及遗传距离进行分析,其中36份原产燕山地区的种质中有18份为野生种质和18份为栽培品种,另外8份为原产山东的品种.共检测了384个AFLP位点,有217个是多态性位点,占56.5%,这表明了所检测的板栗材料中存在着明显的遗传多样性.用NT.SYS软件对44份板栗种质进行聚类分析.所有材料聚成4个类群,其中燕山地区原产的板栗材料被聚为3个类群,山东起源的被聚类为1个独立的类群.在所分析的44份材料中,遗传距离在0.0292和0.2214之间.燕山板栗和外来板栗存在着明显的差异,本研究结果与本实验室用RAPD技术分析的结果是一致的.结果对这些板栗材料在育种中的应用具有重要指导意义.     

葡萄果实cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

构建葡萄果实cDNA文库是研究果实发育相关基因表达调控的基础工作.本实验从巨峰葡萄果实中提取了高质量的RNA,利用MMLV反转录酶把总RNA中的mRNA反转录成cDNA第一链,用特异引物进行LD-PCR扩增合成双链cDNA.将分级纯化的带有粘性末端双链cDNA与λTrip Ⅰ Ex2载体连接,重组载体体外包埋成为cDNA原始文库.初步鉴定原始文库的滴度为1.32×106 pfu/mL,文库扩增后滴度达1.45×1010 pfu/mL.从扩增文库中随机挑取250个克隆进行PCR鉴定,结果表明重组率为98.7%,插入片段大小在0.5～2.0 kb之间,因此,本研究成功构建了葡萄果实cDNA文库.