A retrospective study of 333 emergency presentations and survival to discharge of backyard chickens in Australia from 2019 to 2022

This retrospective study assessed the diagnoses of emergency presentations and the survival to discharge of backyard chickens in five veterinary clinics within Australia. A total of 333 cases were reviewed from September 2019 to March 2022. October to December was the busiest period in both 2021 and 2020, with cases steadily increasing in the warmer months. Discharge following emergency presentation occurred in 57.4% of reviewed cases. Female chickens represented 92.7% of total cases, with an average age at presentation of 2.2 years (ranging from 1 day to 10 years). The most frequent diagnoses were of reproductive disease (n = 94/333), open diagnosis (n = 55/333), respiratory disease (n = 42/333), predator attack (n = 28/333), musculoskeletal disease (n = 22/333) and parasitism (n = 22/333).     

淮南麻黄鸡舍饲的肉用性能研究

通过对淮南麻黄鸡进行舍饲,探讨其早期生长发育规律及屠体品质．结果表明：淮南麻黄鸡５周龄日增重最高,达２２．８６ｇ;而相对生长速度高峰在１一２周龄,其次在５周龄;１１周龄淮南麻黄鸡均重为７６９．２５士１１６．９１ｓ（公鸡８４７．３８士１０２．２５ｇ,母鸡６９１．１３士６８．９３ｇ,料肉比３．１：１;屠体品质公鸡优于母鸡;饲养淮南麻黄鸡所取得的利润率高于肉仔鸡。     

In ovo leptin administration affects hepatic lipid metabolism and microRNA expression in newly hatched broiler chickens

Background: A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in ovo leptin administration on hatch weight, serum and hepatic concentrations of metabolites and hormones, as well as on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and the predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the affected genes. To this end we injected fertile eggs with either 0.5 μg of recombinant murine leptin or vehicle (PBS) before incubation. Results: Prenatally leptin-exposed chicks showed lower hatch weight, but higher liver weight relative to the body weight, compared to the control group. In ovo leptin treatment increased the hepatic content and serum concentration of leptin in newly hatched chickens. The hepatic contents of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (Tch) were decreased, whereas the serum levels of TG, Tch and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were increased. The hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulator element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c), SREBP-2, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1) was significantly up-regulated, as was the protein content of both SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 in hepatic nuclear extracts of leptin-treated chickens. Moreover, out of 12 miRNAs targeting SREBP-1c and/or HMGCR, five were significantly up-regulated in liver of leptin-treated chicks, including gga-miR-200b and gga-miR-429, which target both SREBP-1c and HMGCR. Conclusions: These results suggest that leptin in ovo decreases hatch weight, and modifies hepatic leptin secretion and lipid metabolism in newly hatched broiler chickens, possibly via microRNA-mediated gene regulation.     

回归分析法评价4种麦类饲料原料的肉鸡有效能值

本试验旨在评价大麦、黑小麦、小麦和黑麦4种麦类饲料原料在肉鸡上的有效能值,以期优化现有配方数据库,逐步实现饲粮营养的精准供给.采用回归分析法,试验分2批进行,试验1评价大麦和黑小麦的肉鸡回肠消化能(IDE)、代谢能(ME)、氮校正代谢能(MEn),试验2评价小麦和黑麦的肉鸡IDE、ME、MEn.每个批次试验均选用320...     

柴黄口服液对靶动物鸡安全性试验研究

为研究柴黄口服液对靶动物鸡的安全性,将80只雏鸡随机分为四组。分别在饮水中添加0、1、3和5倍推荐剂量(0、1、3、5ml/L)的柴黄口服液,连续给药42 d。每天观察并记录各组鸡的临床体征,每周末称重1次,试验结束时测定各组鸡的血液生理生化指标,同时进行剖检。结果发现,柴黄口服液各剂量组鸡的精神状态、生长发育、血液生化生理指标、剖检以及组织显微结构等均未见明显异常,未出现中毒症状及死亡。综上所述,各浓度柴黄口服液对靶动物鸡均未见明显毒副作用,在临床上推荐以1 ml/L在鸡饮水中混饮。     

SPF雏鸡感染REV后免疫器官免疫功能的动态变化

试验通过对 1日龄 SPF雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒 ( REV) ,观察了免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏 T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应的动态变化。结果表明 ,雏鸡感染 REV后胸腺 T淋巴细胞的增殖反应于7、2 1、4 2和 4 9日龄明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5) ,于感染后 1 4、2 8和 3 5日龄极显著减弱 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;脾脏 T淋巴细胞的增殖反应分别于感染后 1 4～ 2 8d和 3 5～ 4 9d较对照组雏鸡明显或极明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。法氏囊和脾脏 B淋巴细胞增殖反应分别在感染后 7～ 4 9d和 1 4～ 4 9d极显著减弱 ( P<0 .0 1 )。免疫器官胸腺重量和脾脏重量与体重比值及体重分别于感染后 7～ 4 9、7～ 3 5、7～ 4 9d明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。说明SPF雏鸡感染 REV后 ,免疫器官 (胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏 )淋巴细胞发生变性坏死、数量减少和功能降低 ,机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均发生明显降低或抑制     

37℃持续热应激对肉鸡动脉压的影响

80羽25日龄商品代雄性AA肉鸡随机分为对照组(21℃~24℃,相对湿度50%±5%)和试验组(37℃±0.5℃,相对湿度70%±5%),动态监测各组肉鸡的股动脉压(FAP)和生产性能等指标。热暴露使肉鸡平均股动脉压、股动脉收缩压和股动脉舒张压极显著下降(P<0.01);平均股动脉压与呼吸频率、体温呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,37℃持续热应激使肉鸡的股动脉压极显著下降,股动脉压的变化与肉鸡对热暴露的反应和适应过程密切相关。     

Tissue distribution of albumin‐glucose advanced glycation end products administrated to chickens

Glycation (Maillard reaction) starts from non‐enzymatic amino‐carbonyl reaction binding carbonyl group of reducing sugars to amino group of amino acids. The amino‐carbonyl reaction leads to the formation of the stable Amadori product, which ultimately forms advanced glycation end products (AGE). Acceleration of glycation during hyperglycemia increases the production and accumulation of AGE, which is implicated in the gradual development of diabetic complications in diabetes mellitus. Avian species offers the great advantage of providing animal models for diabetology because high blood glucose concentration should accelerate to generate high concentration of AGE. In the present study, radioactive AGE was prepared from chicken serum albumin and ¹⁴C‐glucose. Radioactive AGE was administrated to examine the tissue distribution of AGE in chickens. Administration of radioactive AGE into the circulation of chickens revealed that AGE accumulated into specific tissues, liver, spleen and kidney, which have the function for clearing exogenous substances and endogenous metabolic waste products.     

枯草芽孢杆菌048对雪山草鸡抗肠炎沙门氏菌感染能力的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)048对雪山草鸡抗肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)感染能力的影响。选择240只体重(61.5±0.5)g的1日龄雪山草鸡公鸡(SE阴性),随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组和对照感染组饲喂基础饲粮,BS组和BS感染组饲喂添加0.1%(质量分数)BS048的基础饲粮。对照感染组和BS感染组在5~7日龄时每天以1×108CFU的SE感染试验鸡只,试验期14 d。测定BS048对正常和SE感染雪山草鸡盲肠黏膜、肝脏、肾脏SE载菌量,血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)和回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(s Ig A)含量,空肠黏膜碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,BS组显著提高了雪山草鸡8、10、14日龄回肠s Ig A含量(P0.05),显著提高了10、14日龄空肠黏膜ALP活性(P0.05),极显著提高了10、14日龄的空肠黏膜T-AOC及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性(P0.01),显著降低了8、14日龄的空肠黏膜MDA含量(P0.05)。2)与对照感染组相比,BS感染组极显著减少了SE感染雪山草鸡盲肠黏膜、肝脏和肾脏SE载菌量(P0.01),显著提高了10、14日龄的血清Ig A、Ig G、Ig M及8、10、14日龄的回肠s Ig A含量(P0.05),显著提高了8、10、14日龄的空肠黏膜ALP活性P0.05),极显著降低了8、10、14日龄的空肠黏膜MPO活性(P0.01),显著或极显著提高了8、10、14日龄的空肠黏膜T-AOC及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性(P0.05或P0.01),显著或极显著降低了8、10、14日龄的空肠黏膜MDA含量(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,BS048能够增强雪山草鸡的抗SE感染能力。     

卡氏住白细胞虫在鸡体内的发育及与库蠓的关系

将健康鸡与卡氏住白细胞虫病鸡混养,其间加入一定量库蠓,经１２～１３ｄ后出现明显的临诊症状（贫血、排绿便等）。第９ｄ血片检查出少量裂殖子,至１３～１４ｄ染虫率达到最高峰,至１８～２０ｄ找到成熟的大、小配子体。在病鸡、病愈鸡的血涂片中,均可见到数量不等的Ⅱ期裂殖子,持续时间达３５ｄ以上,证明有带虫鸡存在。调查地主要有尖喙库蠓、荒川库蠓和大熊库蠓存在,以尖喙库蠓比例最大,占９３．４％,是本地的优势种。