国土资源政策创新与助推脱贫攻坚的效果探析——基于四川省巴中市实践探索的思考

四川省巴中市国土资源系统用好用活国土资源政策,走出了一条以城乡建设用地增减挂钩、土地整治、地质灾害避险搬迁三大项目助推脱贫攻坚的探索之路。针对类似巴中这种贫困地区在运用国土资源政策中面临的问题,从指标易地流转、统筹增减挂钩和易地扶贫搬迁等角度提出了政策完善建议。     

补贴政策对农户油茶抚育投入行为影响的实证分析

农户是油茶产业发展的微观经营主体,分析现有油茶补贴政策对农户油茶抚育投入行为的影响,有利于进一步掌握农户油茶抚育投入行为的影响机理。基于福建省5个县市的216户油茶经营户的微观调查数据,采用稳健回归的方法,分析油茶补贴政策等因素对农户油茶抚育投入行为的影响。结果表明,目前样本农户的油茶补贴收入与油茶抚育投入水平总体而言都偏低,其均值分别为0.951万元和1.369万元。家庭油茶补贴收入对农户油茶抚育投入行为具有较为显著的正向影响,现有油茶补贴政策有利于农户油茶抚育投入的增加。此外,家庭油茶经营面积、劳动力成本、当地非农就业机会相对较少时,对农户油茶抚育投入行为皆具有显著的正向影响;而农户具有非农劳动技能、户主年龄皆对农户油茶抚育投入行为具有显著的负向影响。因此,提出从资金和技术等领域加大对油茶抚育环节的支持力度,通过培训等形式提高农户的经营管理技术水平,以联户等形式实现规模化经营等建议。     

大学语文,路在何方? ——由A校几乎全面停开大学语文引发的思考

大学语文曾在A校颇受重视与欢迎,但由于无法达到科研的层面以及自身定位的失当,并受学校建设目标调整的影响,在新一轮修订的专业培养方案中,几乎遭遇全面停开,渐渐淡出各专业的课程体系.在认真反思的同时,应正确定位大学语文,呼吁政策扶持,并创办专门的大学语文研究期刊.     

国外及中国台湾地区休耕政策比较及衍生问题分析——对中国大陆的启示

面对日益恶劣的耕地质量和农业环境问题,中国大陆地区按照地区特点针对性地进行休耕势在必行。由于我国幅员辽阔,地形复杂气候多样,不同地区面临的农业威胁因素各异,因此造成我国进行休耕的复杂性和艰巨性。我国大陆地区是首次进行休耕政策,缺乏经验,因此需要借鉴美国、欧盟、日本以及中国台湾地区的相关休耕实施措施和补贴政策,吸纳其中符合中国国情的休耕措施以及其休耕政策之所以能够顺利实施的相应保障政策,以确保国家粮食安全,以保证农民收入。     

Western Oregon forest landowner beliefs about the outcomes of mandatory riparian buffer regulations

Research about nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners’ perspectives on voluntary conservation-based programs continues to proliferate. However, there is a gap in understanding NIPF landowner perspectives about the social and ecological outcomes of mandatory conservation-based regulations. We sent questionnaires to Oregon NIPF landowners to understand their beliefs about potential outcomes of proposed state regulations that strengthen mandatory riparian buffer habitat protection requirements. Factor analysis and multiple regression techniques revealed the most important variables that influence those beliefs. Overall, respondents believed that the socioeconomic outcomes were negative and the ecological outcomes were neutral or slightly positive. Respondents with more conservative political attitudes who owned larger properties were more likely to believe that the outcomes would be negative. As the importance of maintaining property for future generations and increasing timber productivity increased, respondents believed the potential outcomes would be increasingly negative. As the importance of improving water quality, increasing carbon storage, and improving recreational use on the property increased, respondents believed that the outcomes would be increasingly positive. We discuss management and policy implications, including communication strategies aimed at engaging with NIPF landowners to highlight the purpose and potential outcomes of forest and riparian management regulations.     

干部工作效率与程序公平对牧民草原奖补政策满意度的影响——以西藏肉羊养殖户为例

在草原畜牧业可持续发展背景下,提高牧民满意度对落实草原奖补政策和控制牧民牲畜养殖规模意义重大。基于村干部在草原奖补政策执行过程工作效率与程序公平视角,利用西藏肉羊养殖户调查数据,分析村干部工作效率和程序公平对牧民草原奖补政策满意度的影响,运用Logit模型,探讨牧民对草原奖补政策满意度的影响因素及其对相关变量的边际效应。结果表明,牧民对草原奖补政策满意的仅为46.83%,主要体现为干部工作效率低、补贴标准低和程序不公平。相关分析结果表明,家庭获得奖补资金总额、村干部工作效率、奖补程序公平、务工经历、家庭劳动力人数等均对牧民满意度的提高有显著的正相关影响。在控制被调查者个人特征和家庭特征的情况下,各因素的边际影响差异较大,但村干部工作效率与程序公平的边际影响较高,有务工经历的牧民和家庭劳动力较多的家庭对草原奖补政策的满意度也有显著的正向影响。因此,提出提高和扩大草原奖补标准与范围,加强对村干部政策执行的培训与支持,加强牧民技能培训拓展外出务工渠道的政策建议。     

农业面源污染的趋势研判、政策评述和对策建议

【目的】论文对农业面源污染排放的形势和影响进行科学判断,有助于下一步政策方向和策略的选择,对现行主要政策进行评估,则有利于更高效地解决当前问题,及时纠正政策可能出现的偏差。【方法】全面回顾自20世纪70年代以来中国在农业面源污染治理领域的有关政策,综合运用政策文本分析、实地调研、文献归纳等方法,对当前治理农业面源污染的主要政策逐一进行评估。【结果】随着监测和统计口径的不断完善,未来农业面源污染排放的绝对数和占比均可能上升,对环境质量的影响将更加明显。当前农业面源污染受到社会关注、政府重视,同时农业转型需求迫切,具备打好攻坚战的各项条件。政策的顶层设计基本形成,但是要谨防政策执行过程中的形式主义。化肥零增长行动目标的实现具有较大确定性,而农药零增长目标则面临更多不确定性,均需要警惕落入“数字游戏”陷阱。畜禽污染防治约束有余而激励不足,严重阻碍了畜禽粪便的综合利用。秸秆禁烧政策不计代价,耗费大量人力、物力却屡禁不止。【结论】从长期看,防治农业面源污染要做好打持久战的预期和行动准备,完善监测体系,摸清家底,避免急于求成导致数字浮夸。强化已有政策的落实,避免重形式、轻内容,重出台、轻落实。投入端主要是源头减量,要加强投入品的供给侧管理,产后端主要是资源化利用,提供更加适合当地的技术手段,政策手段则要疏堵结合,以疏为主。加大针对农业面源污染防治的财政投入,应与其排放占比相匹配。     

经济政策不确定性对我国粮食期货价格波动的影响研究

基于2004年9月—2016年11月我国经济政策不确定性指数和大豆、小麦、玉米期货价格指数,运用时变参数向量自回归模型(TVP-VAR)分析经济政策不确定性对我国主要粮食期货价格波动的影响。研究发现:我国粮食期货价格受到经济政策不确定性的冲击,但不同品种间存在明显差异;2008年金融危机、2011年后危机时代及2015年股票灾难三个时期的经济政策不确定性对粮食期货价格呈现正负交替的冲击态势,冲击响应速度快,持续时间长,影响在12期后仍然存在。     

农户农业技术推广政策满意度研究——基于全国1022个农户调查数据

为探究我国农业技术推广政策实施效果,基于全国1 022个农户调查数据,通过路径分析法从农户对农业技术推广政策满意度视角进行实证研究。结果表明,农户对农业技术推广政策满意度一般,技术指导服务评价、技术补贴方式评价、技术支持力度评价、农资市场调控评价和农资补贴方式评价直接影响农户农业技术推广政策满意度,初始变量中性别、年龄、教育程度、种植年限、耕地规模、村干部、农业收入比、示范户、集镇距离、购买农资、地形地貌、自然灾害和所在区域能够影响农户对农业技术推广政策的满意度。     

Local perceptions of the conversion of cropland to forestland program in Jiangxi,Shaanxi, and Sichuan,China

Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental sustainability.Many of these policies follow a top-down approach to implementation and as such,emphasize the hierarchical control within government structures.An understanding of local perceptions of land-use policies is important if the disconnect between policy makers and the target population is to be reduced and if program support is to improve.This study aimed to help improve local implementation,attitude toward,and engagement by examining the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the target population’s(local farmers)perception of the conversion of cropland to forestland program(CFPP)land use policy in Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shaanxi provinces.It uses logistical regression models,with robust aspects of perception including confidence,support,transparency,prospects,fairness,and willingness to participate.Results indicate that social aspects as well as economic aspects are most important in influencing farmers’perceptions towards the CFPP.The farmers who have received technical support,rural male habitants,educated,and non-middle-aged farmers exhibit more positive perceptions of the program and are much more likely to support it,whereas farmers without any technical support or formal education,and female and middle-aged farmers are less likely to support the program.Importantly,this study also reveals the differences in responses,experiences and perceptions of the farmers living across different provinces.These empirical results provide insight into the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the perception of farmers towards land-use policies,which has important implications for designing targeted policy instruments and increasing farmer support for these policies.This knowledge can be harnessed and further evaluated in future research to improve citizen engagement,support,and understanding in order to help ecological restoration and conservation objectives be more effectively achieved.