Land degradation,stocking rates and conservation policies in the communal rangelands of Botswana and Zimbabwe

Communal rangeland management policies in Botswana and Zimbabwe are based on incorrect technical assumptions about the stability of semiarid rangeland, the nature of rangeland degradation, and the benefits of destocking. Consequently, inappropriate policies, stressing the need to destock and stabilise the rangelands, are pursued. Acknowledgement of the great instability but intrinsic resilience of rangeland would encourage the Governments to more favourably regard the opportunistic stocking strategies of the agro-pastoralists of the Communal Areas. However, degradation of rangelands is occurring, although at varying rates. This justifies the promotion of a ‘tracking strategy’, in which livestock densities are encouraged to follow, more closely that at present, variations in rainfall. The establishment of grazing territories controlled by specific ‘communities’ may be a prerequisite for the promotion of the tracking strategy, and for communal rangeland management and improvement. However, the establishment of such territories must take into account social equity, institutional problems and transaction costs, as well as spatial and temporal variation in rangeland resources.     

BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES,RESPONSES AND FINANCING

Food system resilience to climate change is uniquely imperative for bringing Sustainable Development Goals within reach and leaving no one behind. Food systems in East and Southeast Asia are interacting with planetary boundaries and are adversely affected by extreme weather-related events. A practical question for East and Southeast Asian stakeholders is how to foster climateresilient food systems in the face of lingering food system vulnerabilities and policy gaps. This paper reviews food syste...     

我国种子产业：成就、问题和发展思路

国内种子产业发展迅速并在提高农作物生产力上产生重要影响,但种子产业在发展的同时也面临一系列挑战和问题。本文分析认为,政府研究单位主导商业化育种、种子企业准入门槛过低、现行品种审定制度、监管体系缺失和知识产权保护不力等是种子产业目前存在问题的根源。要做大做强种子企业,种子产业必须开展系统性的改革;对此本文提出我国种子产业的发展目标设想和政策建议。     

关于完善渔业油价补助政策的探讨

从对国内外渔业油价补助政策的实践来看,该政策对于稳定渔业生产发展有着重要作用。通过会议座谈、重点调查和问卷调查等方法对我国现行渔业油价补助政策进行了调研分析,认为我国渔业油价补助方法不够科学合理,不仅与现行渔业政策不协调,还暴露出实际操作比较困难、支撑渔业油价补助发放的配套制度不够健全等问题。结合我国渔业产业实际,建议应调整完善海洋捕捞业和水产养殖业的油价补贴办法、统一细化全国渔业柴油补贴扣减政策、完善渔船管理和渔政执法管理相关制度等,提高渔业油价补助决策的科学性和民主性。     

Reflections on the influence of a synthesis of circle‐hook evidence on the angling community and conservation policy and practice

1. Understanding how different forms of environmental evidence inform the actions of different stakeholders is useful to improve how we share knowledge with knowledge users. Reflections on a literature review that we published in 2004 on circle hooks as a tool for fish conservation in the recreational fishing sector identified a number of ways in which that synthesis was influential.
2. The article has had direct influence on policy and regulations in a number of countries, but there were even more examples of where the article has been used to influence voluntary guidelines. The article also contributed to formally defining circle hooks, which was necessary from a regulatory and enforcement perspective.
3. The recreational fishing community has also embraced the work, with numerous angling articles based on the literature review appearing in the media and with some angler organizations pushing for the adoption of circle hooks. The fishing tackle industry has also responded with evidence that circle hooks are now more widely available in stores with more hook design options to suit diverse recreational fisheries. In addition, the influence of the article has extended beyond the recreational sector to commercial fishery issues that span several taxa. The research agenda from the article helped to direct research for more than a decade and has since been updated.
4. Overall, this review was timely in that it provided various knowledge users with credible information synthesized in a thoughtful manner at a time when there was interest and need in exploring circle hooks as a tool to enhance the conservation of angled fish. Although this was not a systematic review, it still served as a form of evidence synthesis that gave diverse knowledge users information to guide them in their decisions.

     

阜新地区农机购置补贴政策实施效果探讨

阜新市通过落实农机购置补贴政策,引导农民购买先进适用机具,推动了农机化事业的发展。介绍阜新地区农机购置补贴政策落实现状,分析农机购置补贴政策对农业生产的作用,找出购机补贴工作中存在的问题,为今后开展好购机补贴工作提出合理建议。     

黑龙江省大豆产业发展的方向与策略

黑龙江省发展优质大豆产业化生产,具备天时、地利、人和的有利条件,建设优质大豆产业化生产基地、发展大豆经济,在发展方向上要抓住“一个为主、三个面向”,在发展策略上要抓住“三张王牌”和“两个一起抓”,在具体措施上要发挥“两个优势”、建设“两个基地”、实现“两个改变”、做到“两个加强”。     

云和县茶叶产业考察报告

本报告全面综述了云和县茶叶产业发展现状和发展优势,并从云和茶叶产量、茶叶品质、品牌战略、产业管理和相关政策等五个方面,深入分析了云和茶产业发展中存在的主要问题以及相应的解决措施,为推进云和茶产业健康、快速发展提供指导。     

可持续发展产业政策评估的基本概念研究

为适应可持续发展由观念战略再行动的转变需要,以可持续发展产业政策评在结构为依据,制定,调整和完善可持续发展产业政策,具有十分重要的现实意义和战略意义,通过可持续发展,产业政策,评估以及它们复合而成的可持续发展产业政策评估概念的界定和分析,为评估机理研究,评估标准建立,评估指标体系构建和评估方法选择等后续评估工作提供了理论依据。     

发达国家化肥减量政策的适用性分析及启示

通过梳理和分析欧盟、美国和日本等代表性国家(地区)化肥减量政策的具体做法、实施效果和适用条件,以期发现化肥减量政策在环境取向制定时的共同规律和一般条件,从而为中国化肥减量政策的制定提供可行的政策建议。研究表明,各个国家(地区)的化肥减量政策各有优缺点且适用条件不同,其中欧盟的命令控制型政策适用于涉及农户少、农业种植类型或农场类型同一的情况,美国的经济激励型政策适用于涉及农户较多、农产品市场体制比较完善、价格形成机制灵敏的情况,日本的公众参与型政策适用于相关农业团体较多、经济实力较强的地区。因此,中国在制定化肥减量政策时,应对各国的政策手段取长补短、综合选择;为此,应从完善农产品价格机制和无公害农产品认证制度和积极培育新型农业经营主体等方面着手,通过市场机制的引导促进环境友好型技术的采纳、通过化散为整确保环境标准的有效执行、通过协同带动和宣传引导提高农民的环境意识,从而保证命令控制型、经济激励型和公众参与型等化肥减量政策的有效实施。