汞对烤烟干物质积累及其生理活性的影响

采用盆栽方式,研究了(Hg)对烤烟干物质积累和生理活性的影响,结果表明,随土壤中施Hg量的增加,烤烟干物质积累量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性降低,在施Hg量为10,30 mg.kg-1时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性表现增加,当施Hg量高于60 mg.kg-1时呈下降趋势.叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均随Hg含量的增加而升高.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定火龙果有机酸

摘 要 采用高效液相色谱法测定火龙果有机酸种类和含量,结果表明,色谱柱：C18（3.9mm×300mm,10um）;流动相0.04mol/L KH2PO4-H3PO4缓冲溶液：甲醇=95：5,pH2.4;流速：0.8mL/min;柱温：30℃;检测波长：214nm的检测条件下,火龙果有机酸得到良好分离。草酸、酒石酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、富马酸标准曲线的相关系数达0.99以上,平均回收率在90.2～105.5%,检测限分别为2.0、1.5、0.2、6.0、10.0、5.0和0.02mg/L, 各组分保留时间以及峰面积的CV（n=3）均小于1.0%,其中保留时间的日内重现性CV（n=3）＜0.4%,保留时间的日间精密度CV（n=10）＜0.2%。     

使樱花赏花期延长的日本引种品种的选育搭配研究

对武汉法雅园林集团有限公司从日本引进的39个樱花品种的成活率和花期进行了观测研究,筛选出了23个成活率在80%以上的花期不同的品种,为园林绿化工程中延长樱花赏花期的品种搭配设计提供参考依据。     

杂交棉干物质积累与养分吸收分配特点

 【目的】研究杂交棉干物质积累与养分吸收及分配特点,为结合棉花生育特性制定高产施肥措施提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交棉标杂A1、新陆早43号为试验材料,常规棉新陆早13号为对照,单因素随机区组设计大田试验,结合室内常规分析方法测定植株干物质和氮、磷、钾含量。【结果】标杂A1和新陆早43号在整个生育期内植株干物质积累量较对照品种新陆早13号高20.6%、15.5%,吸氮量高16.1%、10.5%,吸磷量高16.4%、11.4%,吸钾量高21.0%、18.5%;蕾、花、铃的干物质积累量较对照高20.7%、15.4%,吸氮量高16.9%、10.7%,吸磷量高18.1%、11.5%,吸钾量高20.7%、18.3%。2个杂交棉品种干物质和养分在叶片中的分配全生育期一直高于对照,在茎中的分配前中期高于对照,在蕾、花、铃中的分配在后期高于对照。生育后期杂交棉茎、叶的养分吸收速率低于对照,蕾、花、铃则高于对照。【结论】2个杂交棉品种的干物质积累和养分吸收量均大于常规棉且差异显著。本试验条件下,标杂A1和新陆早43号在生育期内氮吸收量为302.7和288.1 kg•hm-2,磷吸收量(P2O5)为138.2和132.3 kg•hm-2,钾吸收量(K2O)为459.2和449.7 kg•hm-2。     

Pulp Fiber Residue and Supplemental Irrigation on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Potato

ABSTRACT

Organic matter levels combined with drought periods during the growing season have adverse impacts on rain-fed potato production in coarse textured soils of eastern Canada. Using pulp fiber residues (PFR) may build up soil organic matter, improve crops yield and nutrient uptake, and reduce the need for supplemental irrigation in this region. A box experiment with 3 rates of PFR [0, 45, and 90 Mg ha^{? 1} dry mater carbon (C) basis] with or without supplementary drip irrigation was established in a sandy loam soil in New Brunswick, Canada. Red clover, barley, and potato were cultivated as three crops of the rotation in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The PFR only applied before red clover in fall 1998. Selected soil chemical and physical properties were measured before planting and after harvest. Crops yield and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation were determined at harvest. Soil organic-C content, bulk density and water holding capacity were improved by PFR application. Red clover and barley biomass production were significantly increased by PFR application. This effect was promoted by supplemental irrigation. Potato tuber yield was not affected by PFR and it was higher in rain-fed compared to supplementary irrigated system. Although, there was some initial evidence of N immobilization but generally PFR application increased N, P, and K bioavailability. This research has demonstrated that PFR can successfully be used as soil amendment in coarse textured soils without any adverse effect.     

气候变暖对临汾合欢物候期的影响

为揭示气候变暖对黄土高原城市典型木本植物物候的影响,以临汾合欢为研究对象,采用线性回归、小波分析、相关分析等方法,分析探讨气温、积温等气候因子对临汾合欢各物候期的影响。结果表明,由于气候变暖,临汾年平均气温呈上升趋势,1983—2021年上升了2.9℃;年降水量存在6年和15年2个周期。临汾合欢春季物候期提前,秋季物候期变化趋势不明显,生长季延长。气温和积温对合欢展叶始期和开花始期表现为极显著相关,对果实成熟期表现为显著相关。叶变色始期、落叶末期对气象条件反应不敏感,主要受果实成熟期的出现日期影响。     

覆膜甜椒干物质积累与养分吸收分配规律的研究

地膜覆盖栽培提高了土壤的供肥能力,促进了甜椒对养分的吸收。在甜椒整个生育过程中,土壤养分含量前期较高,以后逐减,与植株养分吸收强度成负相关。覆膜甜椒前期需肥较少,吸肥高峰出现在采收至采收盛期,此间养分供需存在尖锐矛盾。对覆膜甜椒增施半腐熟有机肥,磷、钾化肥与有机肥混合栽前全层施入,结果至采收期分次适当多追氮素化肥,将有助子产量的提高。     

北美杂交杨在北京引种的苗期生态适应性

根据中美纬度气候带相近、生态环境条件相似的原则,将当前美国主栽的31个杂交杨无性系引进中国,并在北京开展引种研究。本文从扦插成活率、物候期和生长速度3个方面对所引无性系的苗期表现进行了初步评价。结果表明:所引无性系均能安全度过北京地区的冬季低温和季节性干旱,表现出良好的适应性。所有无性系的扦插成活率都达到90%以上。不同无性系在物候期和生长速度上存在较大差异。有17个无性系表现出良好的适应性和速生性能,可作为进一步研究的重点。     

紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体稳定性特征对侵蚀过程的影响

 【目的】研究紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体稳定性特征及其对侵蚀过程的影响。【方法】利用野外人工模拟降雨与土壤团聚体特征分析的研究方法,对4种紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体稳定性特征及其对侵蚀过程影响进行研究。【结果】（1）快速湿润使大部分团聚体崩解为细小的团聚体,慢速湿润和湿润振荡2种处理对5—2 mm大团聚体的影响最大,崩解后集中分布在2—0.5 mm范围内。（2）4种土地利用类型团聚体稳定性大小为桑园地＞苜蓿地＞荒草地＞菜地,快速湿润作用下4种土地利用类型团聚体的平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）都较小,慢速湿润处理的MWD和GMD总体较大,紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体崩解机制主要是快速湿润时孔隙内封闭的空气压力作用,而黏粒膨胀对团聚体破坏的作用最小。（3）在持续模拟降雨下,4种旱坡地产流产沙量大小为：菜地＞荒草地＞苜蓿地＞桑园地,产流产沙过程与不同土地利用土壤团聚体稳定性特征相耦合;团聚体稳定性指标与产流率和产沙率在第1小时降雨历时相关系数大于第2 小时,快速湿润下MWD值分别和径流总量与侵蚀泥沙总量呈显著负相关,降雨侵蚀产沙过程中土壤团聚体孔隙内部空气压力对土壤团聚体的破碎是侵蚀产沙的主要形式。【结论】土壤团聚体稳定性越差,紫色土旱坡地侵蚀产沙量和径流量越大,降雨前期土壤团聚体稳定性特征与侵蚀产流产沙相关性最高,MWD能更好反映紫色土土壤团聚体与侵蚀产沙和产流间的关系,紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体内部空气压力破坏是土壤团聚体破碎侵蚀产沙的主要形式。     

Is the nutritive value of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) related to the accumulated forage mass?

The aim of this work was to investigate whether neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and dry‐matter digestibility (DMD) are related to tall fescue accumulated forage mass (AFM) and to assess the relevance of environmental variables to predict the nutritive value of tall fescue swards. Three experiments were carried out in Pergamino, Argentina. To obtain swards with different amounts of AFM, two N levels and two irrigation regimes were applied in the spring after sowing and the autumn of the next year. In spring and autumn, AFM, NDF and DMD were measured every 10–12 days. In spring, NDF increased from 503 to 604 g kg^?1, DMD decreased from 684 to 558 g kg^?1 and AFM increased from 0·64 to 2·82 t DM ha^?1. In autumn, NDF decreased from 543 to 442 g kg^?1, DMD increased from 591 to 681 g kg^?1 and AFM increased from 0·35 to 1·10 t DM ha^?1. The results show that the nutritive value of tall fescue through the year is not related to the accumulation of dry matter of the sward. Nutritive value is determined by the reproductive stage in late spring and early summer, the fate of photosynthates at different times of the year and the synthesis of non‐digestible compounds.