MonitoringPratylenchus thornei densities in SOCL and roots under resistant (Triticum turgidum durum) and susceptible (Triticum aestivum) wheat cultivars

Pratylenchus thornei densities were monitored in field plots of two winter wheat cultivars in a dry farming area of southern Spain. Samples were taken fortnightly during the wheat-growing season and from the following dry fallow. Under bread wheat cv. ‘Yecora’, densities ofP. thornei increased for 5 to 6 months and then were maintained or slightly decreased thereafter, surviving the summer dry fallow in an anhydrobiotic state (78.2% and 85.3% survival in soil and roots, respectively). Under durum wheat cv. ‘Donpedro’, nematode densities decreased over the growing season, although densities within the roots increased during the first 2 months of the wheat-growing period, indicating that nematodes could penetrate the roots of this cultivar but were unable to reproduce. These observations suggest resistance of wheat cv. Donpedro toP. thornei.     

瑞昌山药根腐线虫病病原鉴定

为给江西省瑞昌市山药根腐线虫病发生规律研究和有效防治提供理论依据,采用形态学和分子生物学技术对其病原线虫种类进行鉴定。从瑞昌市范镇、高丰、桂林3个乡镇的山药根腐线虫病样中分离获得15个寄生线虫分离物,镜检表明其形态特征和各项测量值符合对咖啡短体线虫的描述;提取线虫基因组DNA,利用通用引物对(X1/C1)对其核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行克隆、序列测定和序列分析,结果表明这10个分离物与咖啡短体线虫均具有最高的序列同源性(93%~99%),并且在构建的系统发育树上与咖啡短体线虫共处于一个分支上。根据形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果,认为瑞昌山药根腐线虫病病原为咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)。     

澳洲坚果3种木蠹蛾生物学特性分析

[目的]明确广西澳洲坚果木蠹蛾类害虫主要种类及其年生活史和习性,为澳洲坚果木蠹蛾类害虫的监测和防治提供参考.[方法]2014年3月~2016年12月,在广西澳洲坚果主产区果园设置定点标准地对木蠹蛾类害虫进行调查,并于每年3月上旬~4月上旬在澳洲坚果树上采集越冬代幼虫作为第1代虫源,在实验室内对第1代虫源进行饲养,以获得第2、第3代害虫,观察各虫态生活习性,结合野外调查,绘制年生活史.[结果]荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela deaSwinboe)和相思拟木蠹蛾(A.baibarana Matsumura)在广西一年发生1代,前者以老熟幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于3月中旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期15~25 d,成虫见于4月初~6月初,幼虫于4月中旬开始孵化;后者以大龄幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫4月上旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期约20 d,成虫出现在4月下旬~6月下旬,幼虫5月上旬开始孵化.咖啡豹蠹蛾(Zeuzers coffeae Niether)在广西一年发生2代,以第2代大龄幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于3月中旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期15~20 d,第1代成虫出现于4月上旬~6月上旬,第2代成虫出现于8月中旬~10月上旬,第1代幼虫于4月中旬开始孵化,第2代幼虫于8月底开始孵化.[结论]荔枝拟木蠹蛾、相思拟木蠹蛾和咖啡豹蠹蛾是广西澳洲坚果树的主要蛀干类害虫,其以幼虫蛀人枝干为害,防治难度较大,生产中可采取剪除虫枝、药剂涂刷树干或灌注孔洞、诱杀成虫及利用天敌等方法进行防治.     

咖啡豹蠹蛾生物学特性及其防治

咖啡豹蠹蛾属鳞翅目 ,豹蠹蛾科 ,是近年来在黄皮树上发现的一种新害虫。该虫以幼虫危害黄皮枝条或主干 ,幼树受害更重 ,一般被害率为6% ,严重达 31% ,甚至死亡。经室内外饲养观察明确 :该虫在粤西地区 1年发生 1代。完成一个世代需 358.6d。向虫孔注射 80 %敌敌畏乳油 100倍液可有效防治幼虫危害。     

咖啡旋皮锦天牛、灭字脊虎天牛和咖啡豹蠹蛾及其防治

综述云南咖啡旋皮锦天牛、灭字脊虎天牛、咖啡豹蠹蛾的形态特征、生物学习性和对小粒种咖啡的危害以及防治措施     

云南省柑桔根际短体线虫种类的鉴定

从采自云南省12个县市140个柑桔园的260份柑桔病根样本中分离鉴定出4种短体线虫属线虫:咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae),卢斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus loosi),穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus pene-trans)和伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)。其中咖啡短体线和伤残短体虫为优势种。     

百合种球包衣防治鳞茎病害的试验研究

田间试验结果表明,用18%绿野种衣剂以药剂、种子重量1∶50的比例对百合种球进行包衣,其综合效果最好,成苗率达100%,产量较对照增加150.00%,对茎腐病和根腐病的防效分别达89.41%和87.85%,且对百合生长安全。其他10种药剂处理中,只有50%施保功处理的效果较好。     

高羊茅根际一种短体线虫的分离与鉴定

高羊茅(Festuca elata)是草坪草中绿期最长的一个草种,在草坪建植中具有重要作用。一些病害随着高羊茅种植范围的不断扩大而逐渐频发,对草坪造成极大经济损失。本研究通过调查北京市高丽营镇高羊茅斑块状枯死的原因发现,导致高羊茅枯死的是高羊茅根际优势植物寄生线虫。采用贝尔曼漏斗法分离了侵染北京地区高羊茅上的线虫,结合唇环、受精囊、食道、V值等形态学鉴定方法,证明高羊茅草根际优势植物的寄生线虫均为一种短体线虫,确定为斯克里步纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)。线虫ITS和28S序列的PCR扩增及Gen Bank序列比对后发现,其与国外发现的P.agilis及P.scribneri序列相似度为93%,亦确证该线虫为斯克里步纳短体线虫。     

山药根腐线虫病的病原鉴定和致病性研究

田间调查，形态鉴定和人工接种试验证明我国一种由咖啡短体线虫引起的中药材料新病害－山药根腐线虫病。该病在江苏沛县县普遍发生，侵染山药的根系和块茎，田间发病率为３０％－１００％，产量损失高达３０％－５０％。本文还对该病的症状和病原形态进行了系统描述。     

Effect of crop rotation,cultivar and nematicide on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in short rotations on a marine clay soil

Summary The effects of cropping frequency on the yield of potato and on the development of soil-borne diseases was studied from 1979 to 1985 in a crop rotation experiment on a marine clay soil. Tuber yield decreased markedly with increasing cropping frequency. The yield of cv. Hertha was reduced by 27% in continuous cropping and by 15% in a wheat/potato or sugar beet/potato rotation, when compared with the rotation wheat/sugar beet/oats/potato. However, a pot experiment showed that yield depression in continuous cropping depended on the cultivar used. Crop growth declined in the second part of the growing season, and senescence accelerated as the cropping frequency increased.Verticillium dahliae was the most important yield-reducing factor. Root infection by this fungus was stimulated by the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus neglectus.